Development of a New Zealand White Rabbit Model of Spinal Pseudarthrosis Repair and Evaluation of the Potential Role of OP-1 to Overcome Pseudarthrosis

Abstract

This study establishes a model for treatment of pseudarthroses. OP-1, which has previously been shown to have 100% fusion rate in animal models, outperformed autograft and induced fusion in 82% of rabbits.

Tissue engineered bone using select growth factors: A comprehensive review of animal studies and clinical translation studies in man

“…The variety of defects currently investigated include segmental (Chen et al, 2002;Forriol et al, 2009;Reichert et al, 2012), drill Zhang et al, 2004), fusion (Blattert et al, 2002;Grauer et al, 2004;Magin and Delling, 2001) and ectopic implantation intramuscularly (Haidar et al, 2010a;Spiro et al, 2010) and subcutaneously (Sampath et al, 1992;Wei et al, 2007), which together emphasise the lack of and need for standardisation. Indeed, Takigami et al (2007) showed that anatomic location of the defect affected the efficacy of implanted BMP-7 on bone regeneration, where treatment of 10 mm femoral defects at the proximal and distal ends demonstrated 1.5-fold increased and 1.4-fold decreased bone formation.…”

Evaluation of Sternal Bone Healing with Computed Tomography and a Quantitative Scoring Algorithm

“…Sternal separation in more than one location along the sternum also resulted in greater pain [32]. Many patients undergoing a median sternotomy are at risk for sternal nonunion, which can be affected by the degree of stability of fixation, reduction of blood supply (eg, as seen after internal mammary artery harvest), and comorbities such as diabetes and smoking [33][34][35]. The use of immunosuppressive drugs (eg, steroids) and the presence of osteoporosis also affect bone healing.…”

Osteogenic Protein-1 Induced Gene Expression: Evaluation in a Posterolateral Spinal Pseudarthrosis Model

“…The surgical procedure and fusion assessment techniques for rabbits entered into the pseudarthrosis study evaluating no graft, autograft, and osteogenic protein-1 have been reported, as cited in the Introduction above. 25 Single-level posterolateral L5-L6 intertransverse process autograft fusions were performed. Nicotine pumps were implanted subcutaneously to achieve serum levels of 10 -70 ng/ mL 21,25 levels, which are comparable to those of humans who smoke 20 -30 cigarettes per day.…”

“…25 Relative fusion mass gene expressions were analyzed with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Angiogenic and osteogenic gene expressions were examined, including angiogenin, angiopoietin, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-␤, VEGF, BMP-2, BMP-7, type I collagen, and osteonectin, to characterize the effects of osteogenic protein-1 and autograft on pseudarthrosis repair.…”