Development of a novel LC–MS/MS method for quantitation of triticonazole enantiomers in rat plasma and tissues and application to study on toxicokinetics and tissue distribution

The development and validation of a sensitive HPLC-MS/MS method for the quantitative and pharmacokinetic study of the seven components of Buddleja lindleyana Fort.

“…In recent years, high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) has been routinely used to determine the contents of chemical compounds in traditional chemical materials and also applied in pharmacokinetic studies in rats and humans. 15,16 Moreover, it has been used to study drug metabolism, 17–22 toxicokinetics, 23,24 lipidomics, 25,26 proteomics 27,28 and metabolomics. 29,30 The main advantage of mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is the ability to detect a broad range of drugs with high sensitivity and specificity in a single analytical run.…”

Development of a novel HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS method to analyze the stereoselective pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of isoconazole enantiomers in rats

“…By comparing our results more carefully, liver, kidney, lung, spleen, and small intestine were main distribution organs followed by heart and muscle. In terms of brain tissue, the concentration of either R ‐(+) or S ‐(−)‐isoconazole was undetectable, illustrating that isoconazole enantiomers were not easily to pass through the blood‐brain barrier 27,28 . All above results illustrated that the clinical treatment with higher concentration level in liver and kidney could accompany by potential hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity.…”

“…In terms of brain tissue, the concentration of either R-(+) or S-(À)-isoconazole was undetectable, illustrating that isoconazole enantiomers were not easily to pass through the blood-brain barrier. 27,28 All above results illustrated that the clinical treatment with higher concentration level in liver and kidney could accompany by potential hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Noticeably, the quantity of S-(À) always was higher than R-(+)-enantiomer at all times in heart, liver, kidney, lung, and muscle, and the concentrations of S-(À)-isoconazole were approximately 1.92-6.08, 1.60-11.33, 1.36-1.71, 1.39-2.27, and 1.06-1.31 times higher than R-(+)-isoconazole, respectively.…”

Comprehensive Stereoselectivity Assessment of Toxicokinetics, Tissue Distribution, Cytotoxicity, and Environmental Fate of Chiral Pesticide Propiconazole

“…However, most of them are commercialized as mixtures of enantiomers or racemates, and only 7% of them are applied as pure isomers . Though enantiomers of chiral compounds show identical physicochemical properties in achiral environment, they typically exhibit different structure–effect relationships when exposed to chiral environments, which would lead to various biological responses, including bioactivity, , metabolism, tissue distribution, , nontarget toxicity, , and environmental fate . Thus, it is necessary to establish an accurate and sensitive analytical method to analyze chiral pesticides at the enantiomeric level, so as to further investigate their stereoselective characteristics and effects on organisms in the chiral environments.…”