Development of a Novel Mesoporous Biocatalyst Derived from Kola Nut Pod Husk for Conversion of Kariya Seed Oil to Methyl Esters: A Case of Synthesis, Modeling and Optimization Studies

Betiku, Eriola; Okeleye, Adebisi A.; Ishola, Niyi B.; Osunleke, Ajiboye S.; Ojumu, Tunde Victor

doi:10.1007/s10562-019-02788-6

Cited by 84 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The results in this study agree with previous reports. As can be seen in Table 1, K has been observed to be the dominant element in calcined cocoa pod husk ash [20], calcined plantain peel [22] and calcined kola nut pod ash [18,19]. In another report, mass fraction of calcined banana peduncle ash at 700 °C for 4 h showed K (68.37%) as the dominant component, but with traces of Ca and Mg too [14].…”

Section: Edx Results On Cpkmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Proximate analysis has revealed that agricultural wastes such as kola nut pod husk, plantain peel (ripe and unripe) and cocoa pod husk are potential raw materials for industrial applications [17]. Heterogeneous biobase catalysts for the conversion of vegetable oils to biodiesel have been synthesized separately from kola nut pod husks [18,19], cocoa pod husks [20,21] and plantain peels [22,23] (Table 1), but the catalytic activity of the ash obtained from the mixture of these wastes as a potential biobase catalyst for the transesterification reaction has not been reported. Mixtures of oils viz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainable Biodiesel Synthesis from Honne-Rubber-Neem Oil Blend with a Novel Mesoporous Base Catalyst Synthesized from a Mixture of Three Agrowastes

et al. 2020

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Application of solid catalysts synthesized from agricultural wastes provides an environmentally benign and low-cost process path to synthesize biodiesel. An ash containing an equal mixture of cocoa pod husk, plantain peel and kola nut pod husk ashes (CPK) was obtained by open combustion of each of the biomass in air and calcined at 500 °C for 4 h. The calcined CPK ash was characterized to determine its catalytic potential. Two-level transesterification technique was used to synthesize biodiesel using the developed catalyst. The process parameters involved were optimized for the microwave-aided transesterification of a blend of honne, rubber seed and neem oils in a volumetric ratio of 20:20:60, respectively. The study showed that the ash derived from combination of the biomass wastes provided a catalyst which consists all necessary catalytic ingredients in their relative abundance. The calcined CPK consists of 47.67% of potassium, 5.56% calcium and 4.21% magnesium attesting to its heterogenous status. The physisorption isotherms reveals that it was dominantly mesoporous in structure and made up of nanoparticles. A maximum of 98.45 wt.% biodiesel was obtained from a MeOH:oil blend of 12:1, CPK concentration of 1.158 wt.% and reaction time of 6 min under microwave irradiation. The quality of the synthesized biodiesel satisfied the requirements stipulated by standard specifications. Thus, this work demonstrates that a blend of agrowastes and mixtures of non-edible oils could be used to synthesize good quality and sustainable biodiesel that can replace fossil diesel.

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Section: Edx Results On Cpkmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Biodiesel Synthesis from Honne-Rubber-Neem Oil Blend with a Novel Mesoporous Base Catalyst Synthesized from a Mixture of Three Agrowastes

et al. 2020

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“…) 125 Hura crepitans (Ogbu et al . )102 sandbox seed oil, 126 macademia oil (Nabi and Rasul), 127 kariya seed oil, 50 Trichilia emetica shell oil (Usman et al . ) 128 Pistacia atlantica oil (Samani et al .…”

Section: Oil Feedstock Issues and Sustainability For Biodiesel Producmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is abundantly available waste everywhere: domestically, in municipalities, in industry, and the natural environment, and many more sources are yet to be discovered. The most studied wastes include banana peels, 39 coco‐pod husk, 14, 17 plantain peels, 40, 41 oil palm trunk, coconut husk, 42 coconut shell, 43 sugarcane bagasse, wood ash, 44 Lemna perpusilla Torrey, 45 rubber seed shell, 46 palm kernel shell, 47 banana peduncle, 48 Enterolobium cyclocarpum pod husk, 49 kola nut pod husk, 50 and tucuma peels 51 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of biogenic waste‐derived heterogeneous catalysts and feedstock hybridization techniques in biodiesel production

Etim

Musonge

Eloka‐Eboka

2020

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Biodiesel has the potential to contribute significantly to the elimination of the present global energy and climate change logjam, but its production and commercialization have been hindered by the diverse nature of the feedstocks used for production. This paper reviews the effectiveness of applying various types of crop and animal waste-derived catalysts together with innovative feedstock hybridization as an economically viable technique for biodiesel production. Feedstock challenges, availability, and sustainability for large-scale applications are addressed with a view to bridging the existing gaps. Challenges in the use of edible oils and algae oil sources and development remain, but the technique of feedstock hybridization appears to be very promising, innovative, and cost-effective for biodiesel production. The present state of biodiesel production could be improved by the application of simple and cost-effective technologies in the feedstock system. High free fatty acid (FFA) content is the major hurdle to the use of most oils, especially low-grade/advanced oil feedstocks, in biodiesel production. This could be addressed through technological application of feedstock hybrids and biogenic waste-derived heterogenous catalysts, and their biochemical modifications. Conventional technology for the large-scale application of inorganically derived catalysts in biodiesel production with various characteristic differences is presented. Heterogenous catalysts derived from biogenic wastes and their modification could be used to overcome associated problems with the use of inorganic catalysts in biodiesel production. Biogenic waste-derived heterogenous catalysts are renewable, available, eco-friendly, and cost-effective. Technological applications of heterogeneous catalysts derived from biogenic waste are outlined and reviewed, considering various materials and different modification techniques to identify appropriate options for scaling up development. This review also discusses fundamental considerations for the Review

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“…Although homogeneous alkaline catalysts are mostly used for the current biodiesel production, research on their replacement with heterogeneous (solid) alkaline catalysts has increased in the last years [4,5]. Some of the benefits of the latter are low corrosion risk, low environmental threats and the possibility of catalyst separation from the final product and repeated use, which lowers the biodiesel production costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triethanolamine as an efficient cosolvent for biodiesel production by CaO-catalyzed sunflower oil ethanolysis: An optimization study

Đokić-Stojanović

Todorović

Troter

et al. 2019

Hem Ind

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Triethanolamine was applied as an efficient "green" cosolvent for biodiesel production by CaOcatalyzed ethanolysis of sunflower oil. The reaction was conducted in a batch stirred reactor and optimized with respect to the reaction temperature (61.6-78.4 °C), the ethanol-to-oil molar ratio (7:1-17:1) and the cosolvent loading (3-36 % of the oil weight) by using a rotatable central composite design (RCCD) combined with the response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal reaction conditions were found to be: the ethanol-to-oil molar ratio of 9:1, the reaction temperature of 75 °C and the cosolvent loading of 30 % to oil weight, which resulted in the predicted and actual fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) contents of 98.8 % and 97.9±1.3 %, respectively, achieved within only 20 min of the reaction. Also, high FAEE contents were obtained with expired sunflower oil, hempseed oil and waste lard. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) was used to understand the changes in the CaO phase. The CaO catalyst can be used without any treatment in two consecutive cycles. Due to the calcium leaching into the product, an additional purification stage must be included in the overall process.

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Development of a Novel Mesoporous Biocatalyst Derived from Kola Nut Pod Husk for Conversion of Kariya Seed Oil to Methyl Esters: A Case of Synthesis, Modeling and Optimization Studies

Cited by 84 publications

References 48 publications

Sustainable Biodiesel Synthesis from Honne-Rubber-Neem Oil Blend with a Novel Mesoporous Base Catalyst Synthesized from a Mixture of Three Agrowastes

Sustainable Biodiesel Synthesis from Honne-Rubber-Neem Oil Blend with a Novel Mesoporous Base Catalyst Synthesized from a Mixture of Three Agrowastes

Effectiveness of biogenic waste‐derived heterogeneous catalysts and feedstock hybridization techniques in biodiesel production

Triethanolamine as an efficient cosolvent for biodiesel production by CaO-catalyzed sunflower oil ethanolysis: An optimization study

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