Development of a photochemical thrombosis investigation system to obtain a rabbit ischemic stroke model

Abstract

Photochemical thrombosis is a method for the induction of ischemic stroke in the cerebral cortex. It can generate localized ischemic infarcts in the desired region; therefore, it has been actively employed in establishing an ischemic stroke animal model and in vivo assays of diagnostic and therapeutic techniques for stroke. To establish a rabbit ischemic stroke model and overcome the shortcoming of previous studies that were difficult to build a standardized photothrombotic rabbit model, we developed a photochemical thrombosis induction system that can produce consistent brain damage on a specific area. To verify the generation of photothrombotic brain damage using the system, longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, and histological staining were applied. These analytical methods have a high correlation for ischemic infarction and are appropriate for analyzing photothrombotic brain damage in the rabbit brain. The results indicated that the photothrombosis induction system has a main advantage of being accurately controlled a targeted region of photothrombosis and can produce cerebral hemisphere lesions on the target region of the rabbit brain. In conjugation with brain atlas, it can induce photochemical ischemic stroke locally in the part of the brain that is responsible for a particular brain function and the system can be used to develop animal models with degraded specific functions. Also, the photochemical thrombosis induction system and a standardized rabbit ischemic stroke model that uses this system have the potential to be used for verifications of biomedical techniques for ischemic stroke at a preclinical stage in parallel with further performance improvements.

Novel Animal Model of Spontaneous Cerebral Petechial Hemorrhage Using Focused Ultrasound in Rats

“…For evaluation of infarcted areas, brain sections were stained with 2% 2,3,5-tetraphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC, T8877-25G, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) in PBS at 37 °C for 30 min. The solution was prepared immediately prior to use and protected from light [ 14 ].…”

“…Lo MO, USA) in PBS at 37 °C for 30 min. The solution was prepared immediately prior to and protected from light [14].…”

Photochemicallly Induced Thrombosis as a Model of Ischemic Stroke

“…(2021) разработали систему фотохимической индукции тромбоза, которая может воспроизводить повреждение определенной области головного мозга у кролика. Основным преимуществом данной системы является возможность индуцировать ишемический инсульт локально в той части мозга, которая отвечает за те или иные функции [27]. На этой модели показано, что объем повреждения увеличивается через 24-48 ч после индукции фототромбоза и имеет тенденцию к снижению через 72 ч после индукции.…”

Optical Modalities for Research, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Stroke and the Consequent Brain Injuries

“…According to magnetic resonance images described in Figure 1b, an investigation of a small animal model with minor stroke was achieved using a fiber-optic photothrombosis inducing probe. A photothrombosis inducing device integrated with a stereotaxic frame was also developed to produce brain damage at a certain position [32,33]. The stereotaxic frame, which was applied in this study, was magnetic resonance compatible (i.e., it was configured to move with an animal's location to acquire magnetic resonance images of the brain).…”