Development of a polydimethylsiloxane–thymol/nitroprusside composite based sensor involving thymol derivatization for ammonium monitoring in water samples

Prieto-Blanco, M.C.; Moliner‐Martínez, Y.; Molíns-Legua, C.; Herráez‐Hernández, R.; Andrés, Javier; Campíns‐Falcó, P.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.07.077

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…We tested PDMS as an example of a petroleum-based material. PDMS-based sensors are easy to manipulate, highly stable, and biocompatible, − but they are not biodegradable. In the case of the PDMS film, the solidification (or gelification) of the PDMS was not produced, as can be seen in Figure , and thus it was unsuitable for the above-mentioned application.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delivering Inorganic and Organic Reagents and Enzymes from Zein and Developing Optical Sensors

2018

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Nowadays, interest in using environmentally friendly materials is increasing in many fields. However, the rational design of sensors with biodegradable materials is a challenge. The main aim of this work is to show the possibility of using zein, a protein from corn, as a biodegradable and low-cost material for immobilizing, stabilizing, and delivering different kind of reagents for developing optical sensors. Enzymes, metallic salts, and aromatic and small organic compounds were tested. In addition, different techniques of immobilization, entrapment and adsorption, were used, and different formats, such as solid devices and also multiwell platforms, were proposed. The capacity of zein for immobilizing two reagents together, enzyme and substrate, into a multianalysis format was also shown. Two applications were developed as examples: a colorimetric assay based on a ferric hydroxamate reaction for ester drugs, which was applied in atropine determination in pills, and a fluorimetric enzymatic multiwell-plate biodevice applied in phosphate determination in human serum and urine. Zein demonstrated being not only a green alternative but also a versatile polymer for developing sensors from reagents with different natures in different formats and matrices, thereby resulting in different applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delivering Inorganic and Organic Reagents and Enzymes from Zein and Developing Optical Sensors

2018

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“…With the aim of proving NQS-based sensor reliability, a validation study of the accuracy of urea content in urine samples was carried out using a PDMS composite containing the reagents Berthelot reaction, which are released into the reaction medium [10]. Due to the fact that this colorimetric reaction occurs in solution, urea hydrolysis was only carried out in the presence of urease enzyme immobilized on the spherical glass support.…”

Section: Validation Of Nqs-based Sensing Device: Thymol Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the fact that this colorimetric reaction occurs in solution, urea hydrolysis was only carried out in the presence of urease enzyme immobilized on the spherical glass support. Following the measurement procedure described in reference [10], the typical indothymol blue band at 690 nm appears after 5 min reaction time and can be visually detected due to the color change from yellow to green. The absorbance of the solution (hydrolyzed urea standard or urine sample) was registered, and a calibration curve was obtained.…”

Section: Validation Of Nqs-based Sensing Device: Thymol Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The in situ analysis devices that have become the most trending analyzers are based on colorimetric tests employing chemical sensors as support [9]. For instance, colorimetric sensors supported on polymeric bases, such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) [10,11], paper [12], and nylon [13], are the most commonly used sensing devices that improve the sustainability aspects of the analytical method. Among them, the PDMS matrix has already proved to be a satisfactory silicon-based organic base for colorimetric purposes [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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NQS-Doped PDMS Solid Sensor: From Water Matrix to Urine Enzymatic Application

et al. 2021

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The development of in situ analytical devices has gained outstanding scientific interest. A solid sensing membrane composed of 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate (NQS) derivatizing reagent embedded into a polymeric polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite was proposed for in situ ammonium (NH4+) and urea (NH2CONH2) analysis in water and urine samples, respectively. Satisfactory strategies were also applied for urease-catalyzed hydrolysis of urea, either in solution or glass-supported urease immobilization. Using diffuse reflectance measurements combined with digital image processing of color intensity (RGB coordinates), qualitative and quantitative analyte detection was assessed after the colorimetric reaction took place inside the sensing membrane. A suitable linear relationship was found between the sensor response and analyte concentration, and the results were validated by a thymol-PDMS-based sensor based on the Berthelot reaction. The suggested sensing device offers advantages such as rapidity, versatility, portability, and employment of non-toxic reagents that facilitate in situ analysis in an energy-efficient manner.

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“…Methods for

{NH}_{4}^{+}

analysis in water include potentiometric (Humenyuk et al 2006; Alifragis et al 2007; Coutinho et al 2007; Gallardo‐Gonzalez et al 2019), amperometric (Dave et al 2017), voltammetric (Ning et al 2017), conductometric (Carlson 1978; Hall and Aller 1992; Saiapina et al 2016), and wet‐chemistry followed by optical (Fishman 1993; Prieto‐Blanco et al 2015; Khongpet et al 2019; Jaikang et al 2020; Keskin et al 2020; Li et al 2023) sensors. Potentiometric sensors are low cost, portable, and user‐friendly; however, they may display interference in the presence of potassium, and those without this interference have a high limit of detection (> 40 μ M; Mahmud et al 2020).…”

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confidence: 99%

A novel boat‐based field application of a high‐frequency conductometric ammonium analyzer to characterize spatial variation in aquatic ecosystems

Richardson,

Hansen,

Kraus

et al. 2023

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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Documenting dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations and forms at appropriate temporal and spatial scales is key to understanding aquatic ecosystem health, particularly because DIN fuels primary productivity. In addition to point and nonpoint source nutrient inputs, factors such as hydrology, geomorphology, temperature, light, and biogeochemical transformations influence nutrient dynamics in surface waters, allowing for the formation of steep spatial gradients and patchiness. Documenting nutrient variability is also necessary to identify sources, quantify transformation rates, and understand drivers. Because of logistical and cost constraints, it is often unfeasible to measure concentrations of nutrients in surface waters using discrete sampling followed by laboratory analysis at a resolution high enough to identify steep spatial gradients and patchiness. Because of these constraints, data generated from discrete sampling are limited in space and time, often missing key variabilities. Recent advancements of in situ nitrate plus nitrite ( and ) sensor technology have enabled highly temporally and spatially resolved concentration measurements in aquatic ecosystems. However, comparable information about ammonium () concentrations remains unavailable. To address this need, US Geological Survey collaborated with Timberline Instruments to modify their commercially available benchtop TL‐2800 ammonia analyzer to operate in flow‐through mode, enabling rapid continuous concentration measurements at a micromolar (0.5 μM) resolution while receiving water pumped from a moving boat. Although the utility of this method is described for spatial surveys, we anticipate that it would be adaptable to installation at a fixed station for continuous monitoring of concentration.

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Development of a polydimethylsiloxane–thymol/nitroprusside composite based sensor involving thymol derivatization for ammonium monitoring in water samples

Cited by 19 publications

References 22 publications

Delivering Inorganic and Organic Reagents and Enzymes from Zein and Developing Optical Sensors

Delivering Inorganic and Organic Reagents and Enzymes from Zein and Developing Optical Sensors

NQS-Doped PDMS Solid Sensor: From Water Matrix to Urine Enzymatic Application

A novel boat‐based field application of a high‐frequency conductometric ammonium analyzer to characterize spatial variation in aquatic ecosystems

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