Development of a Potentiometric Chemical Sensor for the Rapid Detection of Carbofuran Based on Air Stable Lipid Films with Incorporated Calix[4]arene Phosphoryl Receptor Using Graphene Electrodes

Abstract

The present article describes a miniaturized potentiometric carbofuran chemical sensor on graphene nanosheets with incorporated lipid films. The graphene electrode was used for the development of a very selective and sensitive chemical sensor for the detection of carbofuran by immobilizing an artificial selective receptor on stabilized lipid films. The artificial receptor was synthesized by transformation of the hydroxyl groups of resorcin[4]arene receptor into phosphoryl groups. This chemical sensor responded for the wide range of carbofuran concentrations with fast response time of ca. 20 s. The presented potentiometric carbofuran chemical sensor is easy to construct and exhibits good reproducibility, reusability, selectivity, rapid response times, long shelf life and high sensitivity of ca. 59 mV/decade over the carbofuran logarithmic concentration range from 10−6 to 10−3 M.

Biosensors Based on Lipid Modified Graphene Microelectrodes

“…A miniaturized potentiometric carbofuran chemical sensor on graphene nanosheets with incorporated lipid films was reported in the literature [32]. The graphene electrode was used for the development of a very selective and sensitive chemical sensor for the detection of carbofuran by immobilizing an artificial selective receptor on stabilized lipid films.…”

Potentiometric Biosensing Applications of Graphene Electrode with Stabilized Polymer Lipid Membranes

“…The synthesis, design, and applications of chemosensors are of special interest for the detection of these analytes. The present review provides applications of chemosensors that have not been well covered elsewhere, for example the design and synthesis of calixarenes that have been used to rapidly determine carbamates [1] and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) [2].…”

Potentiometric Biosensing Applications of Graphene Electrodes with Stabilized Polymer Lipid Membranes

“…A carbofuran chemosensor based on a graphene electrode using lipid membranes was reported for the determination of carbofuran in real samples of fruits and vegetables [1]. The graphene electrode was used as a basis to develop a chemosensor to sensitively and selectively determine carbofuran using the immobilization technique of an artificial receptor deposited onto stable lipid membranes.…”

“…The graphene electrode was used as a basis to develop a chemosensor to sensitively and selectively determine carbofuran using the immobilization technique of an artificial receptor deposited onto stable lipid membranes. The method of preparation of this receptor was previously described [1] and the technique included altering the hydroxyl groups of resorcinarene in phosphoryl groups. The chemosensor responded in the mM concentration range of carbofuran and had rapid response times of about 20 s. This potentiometric carbofuran chemosensor is constructed easily and is reproducible and sensitive; its response times are very short (20 s), exhibiting a long period of stability with logarithmic concentration response with a slope of 59 mV/decade ranging between 10 −6 and 10 −3 M.…”

“…The synthesis, design, and applications of chemosensors are of special interest for the detection of analytes. The present review provides an outline of applications of chemosensors that have not been well covered elsewhere, such as the design and synthesis of calixarenes that have been used to rapidly determine carbamates [1] and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) [2].…”