Development of a Prediction Model to Estimate the Glycemic Load of Ready-to-Eat Meals

Abstract

The glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) of a single food item has been used to monitor blood glucose level. However, concerns regarding the clinical relevance of the GI or GL have been raised on their applicability to a combination of several foods consumed as meal. This study aimed to investigate the glycemic response after consuming commercially purchased ready-to-eat meal and to develop the GL prediction formula using the composition of nutrients in each meal. Glycemic responses were measured in healthy adults with various mixed meals comprising approximately 25 g, 50 g, and 75 g of carbohydrates. After fasting, participants consumed test meals, and the glycemic response was measured for a subsequent 120 min. The GI and GL values for mixed meals were calculated as area under curve for each participant. For the prediction formula, 70 mixed meals were analyzed, of which the GI and GL values of 64 participants were used. The prediction formula produced was as follows: GL = 19.27 + (0.39 × available carbohydrate) – (0.21 × fat) – (0.01 × protein2) – (0.01 × fiber2). We hope that this prediction formula can be used as a useful tool to estimate the GL after consuming ready-to-eat meals.

Validation Study of the Estimated Glycemic Load Model Using Commercially Available Fast Foods

“…This study was conducted to validate the eGL prediction model developed in a previous study ( 12 ) by commercially available fast foods with a more diverse nutrient content, assessing the model's prediction model and performance, and using correlation analysis. The transportability assessment showed that the subjects at the time of model development had different characteristics from those of this validation study.…”

“…and the food consumed with carbohydrates affects glycemic indicators such as GI and GL ( 11 ). Lee et al ( 12 ) developed the estimated glycemic load model (eGL) equation for Koreans, who mostly rely on mixed diets rather than consuming a single food containing carbohydrate, to address the complexity and inaccuracy of glycemic calculation for mixed diets. Subsequently, the diets of Korean adults were evaluated using the data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) and the developed eGL prediction model, to verify the usefulness of the model ( 13 ).…”

Overall nutritional and texture analysis of ham sausages with the effects of starch

“…By comparing the GI value, we can generate a rough picture of the amount of carbohydrates in different intakes. The measurement of GI value comes from experiments of selecting experimenters to consume a certain type of food with known quantity, and then measure the change in blood sugar level of the contestants to determine the GI value of foods [10].…”

Glycaemia dynamics concepts before and after insulin

“…However, it is now accepted that hyperglycaemia, along with the expression and activity of GLUTs, results from the involvement of several other actors [16,21,22]. These actors include the dangerous combination of a higher intake of carbohydrates contained in food with high glycaemic load [22][23][24][25], reduced or low effective physical activity [26], thus limiting the energy consumption, and a reduced biological action of insulin, i.e. insulin resistance, in target tissues such as the skeletal muscle, liver, and mature adipocytes [27].…”