“…high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with UV and mass spectrometry detectors (Asea, Patterson, Korsrud, Dowling, & Boison, 2001;Jedziniak, Szprengier-Juszkiewicz, & Olejnik, 2009;Liu et al, 2015;Peng et al, 2013;van Pamel & Daeseleire, 2015). Although these methods are very accurate and sensitive, they are costly and require complex sample pretreatment steps and trained personnel (Mukunzi, Suryoprabowo, Song, Liu, & Kuang, 2018;Qu et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2018;Zeng, Jiang, Liu, Song, & Kuang, 2018). Immunoassays are superior to chromatographic methods in screening tests for their simplicity, sensitivity, and high-throughput capabilities (Chen et al, 2017; Kong et al, 2017;Wang, Luo, Chen, Huang, & Jiang, 2016).…”