Development of a salivary cortisol method for detecting changes in plasma “free” cortisol arising from acute stress in sheep

Fell, L. R.; Shutt, D. A.; Bentley, C. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1985.tb14120.x

Cited by 87 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This provides the advantage of producing a result that is not biased by the blood sampling procedure. According to Fell et al (1985), the concentration of salivary cortisol is 1/10, or less, of the concentration in plasma. In the present study, salivary cortisol was one-third to one-sixth of the serum cortisol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the duration of road transport on the physiology and meat quality of lambs

et al. 2014

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Abstract.To assess the effect of transport duration on animal welfare and meat quality of lambs, two trials were performed: Forty Ile-de-France · Merino lambs were used in Trial 1 and 40 Comisana lambs in Trial 2. In both trials, the lambs, aged between 14 and 16 weeks, were divided into two groups of 20 animals. One group was subjected to a 1-h period of transportation (T1) and the other to a 24-h period of transportation (T24), both in the same truck and arriving to the same slaughterhouse at the same time. The effect of transport on serum biochemistry variables (cortisol, aspartate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, blood urea nitrogen, creatine kinase, creatinine and total proteins), salivary cortisol, metabolites of cortisol in faeces, intra-ruminal temperature and meat quality (pH, conductivity, expressible juice, colour and shear force) was assessed. In both studies, the duration of transport did not affect serum and salivary cortisol concentration (P > 0.05). However, in Trial 2, lambs exposed to 24-h transport had a higher concentration of faecal cortisol metabolites than did those transported for 1 h (P < 0.05). Blood variables were not affected by transport in either trial (P > 0.05), with the exception of blood urea nitrogen which was higher in Trial 1 for the T24 group (P < 0.05) than it was to T1 group. Although no signs of dehydration were found, intra-ruminal loggers showed that animals did not drink during the transportation in the way they did before transport. In Trial 1, no effect of transport duration was found on meat-quality traits (P > 0.05). Nevertheless, in Trial 2, lambs exposed to 24-h transport had higher values of colour attribute of a* (red trend) and less tenderness or higher values of shear force (P < 0.05). The present study showed that although there is little effect on meat quality, signs of stress are detectable in lambs transported for 24 h. Therefore, in the case of lambs, the effect of long transportation periods must be considered more in terms of animal welfare than in terms of product quality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the duration of road transport on the physiology and meat quality of lambs

et al. 2014

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“…1984;Allolio et al, 1985;Burke et al. 1985;Fell et al. 1985;Hanada et al, 1985;Luthold et al, 1985;Cook et al, 1986a, b: Francis et al.…”

Section: Relationship Between Plasma Unbound Cortisol and Salivary Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Cortisol in Psychobiological Research: An Overview

Kirschbaum¹,

Hellhammer²

1989

Neuropsychobiology

1,351

879

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The measurement of cortisol in saliva provides the basic scientist as well as the clinician with a reliable tool for investigations of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis activity. Since saliva samples can be obtained stress-free and independent from medically trained personnel this method may be well suited for use in psychobiological studies. This overview intends to give a comprehensive introduction to the method of salivary cortisol assessment and to briefly discuss its application in different scientific disciplines.

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“…Therefore, salivary cortisol is a better indicator of the possible effects of the corticotropic axis on the animal organism than plasma cortisol. On the other hand, blood extraction always produces stress in the animal that can cause cortisol levels to rise while the animals are hardly affected by saliva sample collection (Fell et al, 1985;Cooper et al, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of an EIA [enzyme immunoassay] technique for the determination of salivary cortisol in cattle

Pérez

Laita

Portal

et al. 2004

Span. j. agric. res.

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This work involves the development and validation of an enzyme immunoassay technique (EIA) for the measurement of the cortisol concentration in cattle saliva. Saliva samples present several advantages over plasma samples in animal welfare studies. Saliva collection avoids venipuncture as a stress factor. Also, saliva components do not affect EIA as plasma components do. At present, there is no validated commercial method for saliva cortisol determination in cattle. Commercially available radioimmunoassay kits for human plasma (detection range: 10-100 ng ml -1 ) are not sensitive enough for animals with low concentrations of salivary cortisol (< 4 ng ml -1 ). Thus, EIA is the method of choice in cattle. Sensitivity, specificity, precision and accuracy EIA tests showed this method to be suitable and reliable. The detection limit was found to be 0.024 ng ml -1 , representing an improvement on previously described techniques. Intra-assay and inter-assay variation coefficients were 1.47-7.30% and 2.40-9.78%, respectively. The recovery rates for cortisol added to saliva samples were 91.36-126.5%. Parallelism tests showed that saliva cortisol levels can be determined in cattle samples without extraction. The correlation between saliva and plasma cortisol was positive (r = 0.75) and the saliva/plasma cortisol ratio was around 10%. Therefore, saliva samples are a suitable alternative to plasma samples in bovine HPA (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal) axis evaluation.Key words: immunoassay, HPA axis, cow, stress. ResumenValidación de una técnica de EIA para la determinación de cortisol en saliva de ganado bovino En este trabajo se desarrolla y valida una técnica de enzimoinmunoensayo (EIA) para la determinación directa de cortisol en muestras de saliva de ganado vacuno. La saliva como muestra tiene gran importancia en los estudios de bienestar animal, ya que presenta ventajas respecto al plasma, como son el menor estrés al que se somete a los animales para su obtención y la menor interferencia que producen los componentes de la saliva en la determinación directa en el EIA. Hoy en día no existe en el mercado ningún método validado para la determinación de cortisol en saliva en la especie bovina. Las técnicas de radioinmunoensayo comercializadas para plasma de la especie humana (rango de detección de 10 a 100 ng ml -1 ) no son suficientemente sensibles para el ganado bovino, que presenta concentraciones de cortisol salival muy reducidas (< 4 ng ml -1 ), por ello no es posible su adaptación para esta especie, siendo los métodos de EIA los de elección. El límite de detección de la técnica EIA fue de 0,024 ng ml -1 , mejorando la sensibilidad de técnicas descritas previamente; los coeficientes de variación intra e interensayo fueron de 1,47-7,30% y 2,40-9,78%, respectivamente. La recuperación de cortisol añadido a muestras de saliva fue de 91,36-126,5%. Las pruebas de paralelismo demostraron que es posible la determinación directa de muestras de saliva sin necesidad de extracción previa. La correlación existente entre las...

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Development of a salivary cortisol method for detecting changes in plasma “free” cortisol arising from acute stress in sheep

Cited by 87 publications

References 15 publications

Effect of the duration of road transport on the physiology and meat quality of lambs

Effect of the duration of road transport on the physiology and meat quality of lambs

Salivary Cortisol in Psychobiological Research: An Overview

Validation of an EIA [enzyme immunoassay] technique for the determination of salivary cortisol in cattle

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