Development of a short-term in situ caging methodology to assess long-term effects of industrial and municipal discharges on salmon smolts

Jardine, Timothy D.; MacLatchy, Deborah L.; Fairchild, Wayne L.; Chaput, Gérald; Brown, Scott

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2004.12.006

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…As well, wild smolts caged for 5 d within an industrial estuary produced a population with a higher proportion of small fish than caging in an un-industrialized estuary after 2 months of subsequent rearing in captivity . While Jardine et al (2005) reported contrary results, other recent experiments (Friedland et al 1993(Friedland et al , 2000 have confirmed that reduced growth in the first months at sea leads to lower survival and reduced rates of returns in salmon. More recent experiments have confirmed that two 24 h pulse-exposures to water-borne 4-NP during the final stages of the parr-smolt transformation results in reduced growth 2 and 5 months later (Arsenault et al 2004).…”

Section: Case Study 2 Effects Of Freshwater Contaminants On Marine Smentioning

confidence: 71%

Chemical–environment interactions affecting the risk of impacts on aquatic organisms: A review with a Canadian perspective — interactions affecting exposure

et al. 2008

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As a consequence of human activity, the variability and range of environmental conditions is increasing. We review how the interactions between toxic chemicals and environmental change may affect exposure of aquatic organisms to stressful conditions and therefore alter the risk of deleterious impacts. Even in the absence of new inputs of contaminants, changing environmental conditions alters the transport, transformation and distribution of contaminants and their bioavailability. Conversely, some toxic chemicals modify the exposure of aquatic species to other stressors by affecting species distribution, behaviour or habitat. Across Canada there are a number of specific examples where interactions between contaminants and environmental change are probably harming aquatic species. In the Arctic, change in foraging brought on by change in ice regime, is a plausible mechanism to explain the marked recent increase in mercury concentrations in Beaufort Sea beluga whales. On the Pacific coast, chemical exposure by itself or in combination with other environmental factors, is a leading suspect for altered migration timing of some salmon stocks in the Fraser River leading to massive prespawning mortality. In the North Atlantic, short-term exposure of Atlantic salmon to endocrine-disrupting substances in their freshwater natal environments later leads to detectable effects at the time of their migration to saltwater. In Alberta, biotic and abiotic characteristics of the habitat dramatically affect exposure pathways and the risk of toxic effects of selenium in early life stages of trout. A better understanding of the interactions between toxic chemicals and environmental factors is a fundamental requirement for efficient management and protection of aquatic ecosystems.Résumé : En conséquence des activités humaines, la variabilité et l'étendue des conditions environnementales augmentent. Cette revue traite des interactions entre les produits toxiques et les changements environnementaux pouvant affecter l'exposition des espèces aquatiques à des conditions stressantes et donc altérer le risque d'impacts délétères. Même en absence de nouveaux apports de contaminants, des conditions changeantes dans l'environnement altèrent le transport, la transformation et la distribution des contaminants et leur biodisponibilité. À l'inverse, certains produits toxiques modifient l'exposition des espèces aquatiques à d'autres agents stressants en affectant la distribution, le comportement ou l'habitat de ces espèces. D'un côté à l'autre du Canada, il y a plusieurs cas spécifiques où des interactions entre contaminants et changements environnementaux sont probablement préjudiciables aux espèces aquatiques. Dans l'Arctique, une altération de l'alimentation amenée par les changements dans le régime des glaces est un mécanisme plausible expliquant la hausse récente et marquée des concentrations de mercure dans les bélugas de la mer de Beaufort. Sur la côte Pacifique, une exposition à des produits chimiques seule ou en combinaison avec d'autres fac...

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Section: Case Study 2 Effects Of Freshwater Contaminants On Marine Smentioning

confidence: 71%

Chemical–environment interactions affecting the risk of impacts on aquatic organisms: A review with a Canadian perspective — interactions affecting exposure

et al. 2008

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“…In the present study, fish were caged in situ for 42 days. Most in situ studies with small‐bodied fish have been acute in duration, typically lasting between 4 and 28 days (Mac et al, ; Nichols et al, ; Castro et al, ; Doebel et al, ; Jardine et al, ; Palace et al, ; Klaverkamp et al, ; Phibbs et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, the use of cultured individuals likely reduced the stress experienced by the fish as compared to the used of wild‐caught fish (Castro et al, ; Jardine et al, ; Phibbs et al, ), while still allowing for the use of a species native to the study area. We selected fathead minnow as the sentinel species since they are well characterized and considered hardy against handling stress and some adverse conditions such as low dissolved oxygen (Croke, ; Kahl et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The in situ caging of fish to determine effects of exposure to contaminants at impacted sites has many advantages over traditional in‐lab testing (Oikari, ; Crane et al, ). While an increasing number of studies have used in situ fish caging, elevated fish mortalities due to starvation, handling stress, and other factors usually confound the results (Leadly et al, ; Nichols et al, ; Burton et al, ; Jardine et al, ). Still, the increased realism associated with in situ exposure studies versus in‐lab exposure studies warrants further development of techniques aimed at reducing fish stress and mortalities (Oikari, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A subchronic in situ exposure method for evaluating effects in small‐bodied fish at contaminated sites

Miller

Sherry

Parrott

et al. 2011

Environmental Toxicology

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In situ fish-caging studies at contaminated sites can provide information that is more realistic compared to traditional laboratory-based studies. However, few methods have been developed for exposing sentinel fish species for subchronic durations, and fewer still are optimized for exposing small-bodied fish while maintaining fish health and growth throughout the caging trial. Those methods typically lack a feeding regimen during the fish caging trial. While that may be acceptable or even appropriate for typical short-term toxicity testing, it does limit the duration of the exposure, and may not be suitable when post-caging trials or observations are necessary. Returning healthy fish to the lab following the in situ exposure would be important, for example, in studies designed to examine long-term or multigenerational effects following an in situ exposure. In this article we describe a subchronic method for caging small fish at contaminated sites while maintaining growth and reproductive development. Fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) were caged in situ for 6 weeks, after which time they were returned to the lab where they were evaluated for health and reproductive performance. Growth and reproductive endpoints revealed no adverse effect on fish due to fish caging and related handling, demonstrating the suitability of our caging and feeding method for long-term caging studies.

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“…Ces composés peuvent provenir de l'agriculture, des eaux usées, l'épandage de pesticides (voir par exemple l'épandage dans les forêts; Fairchild et al, 1999) et des effluents industriels (voir par exemple les usines de pâtes et papiers; McMaster, 2001). Une étude sur des poissons en cage dans la rivière Miramichi a révélé la tendance générale suivante : une alimentation et une croissance améliorées chez les saumoneaux de saumons atlantiques placés dans des cages à des sites où il existe moins de facteurs anthropiques connus dont les effluents d'usines de pâtes et papiers constituent un facteur important (Jardine et al, 2005). De plus, il a été suggéré que la pollution chimique par les composés organochlorés, largement répandus dans l'océan Altantique Nord, est un facteur complémentaire qui a des incidences sur la survie en mer du saumon atlantique (Scott, 2001).…”

Section: Menaces Et Facteurs Limitatifs XXunclassified

Le saumon atlantique de la rivière Matane : croissance marine, abondance des retours en rivière et indice de l’oscillation nord-atlantique

Grégoire¹,

Côté²,

Caron³

et al. 2020

natcan

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Les rapports de situation du COSEPAC sont des documents de travail servant à déterminer le statut des espèces sauvages que l'on croit en péril. On peut citer le présent rapport de la façon suivante : COSEPAC. 2010. Évaluation et Rapport de situation du COSEPAC sur le saumon atlantique (Salmo salar) au Canada. Comité sur la situation des espèces en péril au Canada. Ottawa. i + 162 p. (www.registrelep.gc.ca/Status/Status_f.cfm). Rapport(s) précédent(s) : COSEPAC. 2006. Évaluation et Rapport de situation du COSEPAC sur le saumon de l'Atlantique (Salmo salar) (population du lac Ontario) au Canada. Comité sur la situation des espèces en péril au Canada. Ottawa. vii + 30 p. (www.registrelep.gc.ca/status/status_f.cfm). COSEPAC. 2006. Évaluation et Rapport de situation du COSEPAC sur le saumon de l'Atlantique (Salmo salar) (population de l'intérieur de la baie de Fundy) au Canada -Mise à jour. Comité sur la situation des espèces en péril au Canada. Ottawa. viii + 52 p. (www.registrelep.gc.ca/status/status_f.cfm). COSEWIC. 2001. Évaluation et Rapport de situation du COSEPAC sur le saumon de l'Atlantique (Salmo salar) (population de l'intérieur de la baie de Fundy) au Canada. Comité sur la situation des espèces en péril au Canada. Ottawa vii + 60 p. (www.registrelep.gc.ca/status/status_f.cfm) AMIRO, P. G. 2001. Rapport de situation du COSEPAC sur le saumon de l'Atlantique (Salmo salar) (population de l'intérieur de la baie de Fundy) au Canada, in Évaluation et Rapport de situation du COSEPAC sur le saumon de l'Atlantic (Salmo salar) (population de l'intérieur de la baie de Fundy) au Canada. Comité sur la situation des espèces en péril au Canada. Ottawa. 1-60 p. Note de production : Le COSEPAC remercie Blair K. Adams et David Cote qui ont rédigé le rapport de situation sur le saumon atlantique (Salmo salar, forme anadrome) au Canada, en vertu d'un contrat avec Environnement Canada. Paul Bentzen, coprésident du Sous-comité de spécialistes des poissons marins du COSEPAC, a supervisé le présent rapport avec l'aide de Jamie Gibson, membre de ce même sous-comité.

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Development of a short-term in situ caging methodology to assess long-term effects of industrial and municipal discharges on salmon smolts

Cited by 5 publications

References 45 publications

Chemical–environment interactions affecting the risk of impacts on aquatic organisms: A review with a Canadian perspective — interactions affecting exposure

Chemical–environment interactions affecting the risk of impacts on aquatic organisms: A review with a Canadian perspective — interactions affecting exposure

A subchronic in situ exposure method for evaluating effects in small‐bodied fish at contaminated sites

Le saumon atlantique de la rivière Matane : croissance marine, abondance des retours en rivière et indice de l’oscillation nord-atlantique

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