Development of a Simple Dry Eye Model in the Albino Rabbit and Evaluation of Some Tear Substitutes

Burgalassi, Susi; Panichi, Luisa; Chetoni, Patrizia; Saettone, M. F.; Boldrini, E.

doi:10.1159/000055537

Cited by 107 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In the dry eye model, the ocular surface tissues (cornea, conjunctiva, accessory lacrimal glands, meibomian glands and main lacrimal glands) interconnected by neuronal reflex loops were inhibited by the use of atropine sulphate 1% eye drops (Orchidia Pharma, Egypt) (11).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between two cyclooxygenase inhibitors in an experimental dry eye model in albino rabbits

Elshazly¹,

Elgohary²,

Elshazly³

et al. 2008

Acta Pharmaceutica

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Dry eye syndrome, or keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), is one of the most frequent ocular disorders. It may lead to progressive corneal opacification and blindness (1). Secretory, neuronal and mechanical processes that regulate the production and mixing of tear film constituents are functionally integrated (2). The ageing process, hormonal, environmental, iatrogenic, pharmacological and pathogenic factors may disrupt the tear film with subsequent ocular surface inflammation (3). The hyperosmolar tear film stimulates the production of mitogen-activated protein kinase (4). This initiates a cascade of protein phosphorylation involving other kinases and nuclear transcription factors which stimulate the proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in tear fluid and conjunctival epithelium in KCS (5). The purpose of this study was to compare the topical anti-inflammatory effects of the nonselective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, ketorolac, with the selective COX-2 inhibitor, nimesulide, in an animal model of dry eye in albino rabbits. All animals were examined by the Schirmer test, tear break-up time (TBUT) and fluorescein corneal staining test. Dry eye model showed significant reduction in tear volume, TBUT, corneal staining and histopathological signs of dryness and inflammation. On treating dry eye model with nimesulide 0.1% eye drops and ketorolac 0.5% eye drops, there were improvements in Schirmer test values, TBUT and fluorescein corneal staining and histopathologically reduced inflammatory reaction, with signs of healing and regeneration. Both nimesulide and ketorolac ameliorate atropine sulphate induced dry eye in albino rabbits. The use of selective COX-2 inhibitor, nimesulide, is preferred to avoid local and systemic side effects which may occur with the use of the nonselective COX inhibitor, ketorolac.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between two cyclooxygenase inhibitors in an experimental dry eye model in albino rabbits

Elshazly¹,

Elgohary²,

Elshazly³

et al. 2008

Acta Pharmaceutica

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“…The induction model of KCS in rabbits was based on previously published studies that used 1% atropine sulfate eye drops three times daily (15,16,(20)(21)(22) . Atropine is a competitive antagonist of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.…”

Section: The Induction Of Kcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Atropine is a competitive antagonist of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. As the ocular surface and main lacrimal gland are innervated by parasympathetic fibers of the seventh cranial nerve; the use of atropine is known to cause decreased tear secretion and con sequent inflammation in a similar way to dry eye syndrome (20)(21)(22) . Eye drops were administered until the diagnosis of KCS (7 days to induce KCS in all rabbits) was confirmed by a Schirmer tear test 1 (STT; Teste de Schirmer®; Ophthalmos Laboratory) result of ≤5 mm/min and/or ≤10 seconds tear-film break-up time (TBUT) (23,24) and throughout the treat ment period (12 weeks) for KCS maintenance.…”

Section: The Induction Of Kcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of 1% cyclosporine eye drops in olive oil and in linseed oil to treat experimentally-induced keratoconjunctivitis sicca in rabbits

Parrilha¹,

Nai²,

Giuffrida³

et al. 2015

Arquivos Brasileiros De Oftalmologia

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“…They were allowed to move their heads freely, and their eye movements were not restricted. 22 All the experiments received the approval from the Committee on Care and Use of Laboratory Animals at Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea and were carried out according to the Guidelines.…”

Section: Stability Studies Of Ms-csamentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclosporine A micellar delivery system for dry eyes

Kang¹,

Ho²,

Cho³

et al. 2016

IJN

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Background The objectives of this study were to develop stable cyclosporine A (CsA) ophthalmic micelle solutions for dry-eye syndrome and evaluate their physicochemical properties and therapeutic efficacy. Materials and methods CsA-micelle solutions (MS-CsA) were created by a simple method with Cremophor EL, ethanol, and phosphate buffer. We investigated the particle size, pH, and osmolarity. In addition, long-term physical and chemical stability for MS-CsA was observed. To confirm the therapeutic efficacy, tear production in dry eye-induced rabbits was evaluated using the Schirmer tear test (STT). When compared to a commercial product, Restasis, MS-CsA demonstrated improvement in goblet-cell density and conjunctival epithelial morphology, as demonstrated in histological hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results MS-CsA had a smaller particle size (average diameter 14–18 nm) and a narrow size distribution. Physicochemical parameters, such as particle size, pH, osmolarity, and remaining CsA concentration were all within the expected range of 60 days. STT scores significantly improved in MS-CsA treated groups ( P <0.05) in comparison to those of the Restasis-treated group. The number of goblet cells for rabbit conjunctivas after the administration of MS-CsA was 94.83±8.38, a significantly higher result than the 65.17±11.51 seen with Restasis. The conjunctival epithelial morphology of dry eye-induced rabbits thinned with loss of goblet cells. However, after 5 days of treatment with drug formulations, rabbit conjunctivas recovered epithelia and showed a relative increase in the number of goblet cells. Conclusion The results of this study indicate the potential use of a novel MS for the ophthalmic delivery of CsA in treating dry eyes.

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Development of a Simple Dry Eye Model in the Albino Rabbit and Evaluation of Some Tear Substitutes

Cited by 107 publications

References 20 publications

Comparison between two cyclooxygenase inhibitors in an experimental dry eye model in albino rabbits

Comparison between two cyclooxygenase inhibitors in an experimental dry eye model in albino rabbits

Comparison of 1% cyclosporine eye drops in olive oil and in linseed oil to treat experimentally-induced keratoconjunctivitis sicca in rabbits

Cyclosporine A micellar delivery system for dry eyes

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