Development of a small fuel cell underwater vehicle

Shih, Nai-Chien; Weng, Biing-Jyh; Lee, Jiunn-Yih; Hsiao, Yung-Chia

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.01.095

Cited by 31 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…As clean and efficient energy conservation devices, the hydrogen‐air proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have been widely used in vehicles, forklifts, and power generators 1,2 . With significantly increased oxygen concentration, the hydrogen‐oxygen PEMFCs demonstrate different characteristics and performance from the hydrogen‐air PEMFCs, 3 which can be used as power sources for underwater vehicles and unmanned aerial vehicles 4‐6 . The transient response is essential for both the hydrogen‐air and hydrogen‐oxygen PEMFCs, when used as mechanical power sources 7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Load changing characteristics of the hydrogen‐air and hydrogen‐oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Huang

Xing

2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary Load changing performance is significant for the application of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). This paper compares experimental results of the hydrogen‐air and hydrogen‐oxygen PEMFC and analyzes their dynamic performance under various operating conditions. We use electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to investigate the intrinsic mechanism during load changing. Due to the higher oxygen concentration, the hydrogen‐oxygen PEMFC responds faster (within 1 second) and operates more steadily than the hydrogen‐air PEMFC (2‐20 seconds). The experimental results show that the total polarization resistance of the hydrogen‐air PEMFC and the Ohmic resistance of the hydrogen‐oxygen PEMFC decrease dramatically with the appropriately increased operating temperature. Whereas at over‐elevated operating temperature, the resistance value increases due to the dehydration of the membrane electrode assembly. Load changing performance can be improved by increasing operating pressure and relative humidity. Increased stoichiometry is beneficial for the hydrogen‐air PEMFC, while the opposite trend is observed for the hydrogen‐oxygen PEMFC. Novelty statement Comparison of experimental results of hydrogen‐air and hydrogen‐oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), dynamic performance at start‐up, and load changing performance are studied. Two PEMFCs' performances are quite different at various operating conditions. Overall, H2/O2 PEMFCs response faster (1 second) and operate more steadily than H2‐air (2‐20 seconds). Ohmic, polarization, and mass transfer resistance values are measured and analyzed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Load changing characteristics of the hydrogen‐air and hydrogen‐oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Huang

Xing

2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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“…(i) The ripple factor is somewhat higher [99,101]. (ii) The degree of change in voltage relative to current density is somewhat not satisfactory [99,101].…”

Section: Fuel Cell Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(i) The ripple factor is somewhat higher [99,101]. (ii) The degree of change in voltage relative to current density is somewhat not satisfactory [99,101]. (iii) A high degree of purity in H 2 is required in the operation of the technology because it is sensitive to impurities [91,102].…”

Section: Fuel Cell Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Fuel Cell Technologies and Applications for Sustainable Microgrid Systems

2020

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The shift from centralized to distributed generation and the need to address energy shortage and achieve the sustainability goals are among the important factors that drive increasing interests of governments, planners, and other relevant stakeholders in microgrid systems. Apart from the distributed renewable energy resources, fuel cells (FCs) are a clean, pollution-free, highly efficient, flexible, and promising energy resource for microgrid applications that need more attention in research and development terms. Furthermore, they can offer continuous operation and do not require recharging. This paper examines the exciting potential of FCs and their utilization in microgrid systems. It presents a comprehensive review of FCs, with emphasis on the developmental status of the different technologies, comparison of operational characteristics, and the prevailing techno-economic barriers to their progress and the future outlook. Furthermore, particular attention is paid to the applications of the FC technologies in microgrid systems such as grid-integrated, grid-parallel, stand-alone, backup or emergency power, and direct current systems, including the FC control mechanisms and hybrid designs, and the technical challenges faced when employing FCs in microgrids based on recent developments. Microgrids can help to strengthen the existing power grid and are also suitable for mitigating the problem of energy poverty in remote locations. The paper is expected to provide useful insights into advancing research and developments in clean energy generation through microgrid systems based on FCs.

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“…Using pure oxygen instead of air increases the partial pressure and the oxygen diffusion rate, generating higher potential values and up to 32% more power than using air [91]. This improves oxygen partial pressure in air, but, at the same time, it requires a system more suitable in terms of safety and maintenance.…”

Section: Techniques To Adopt To Improve Fuel Cell Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Technical and Commercial Challenges of Proton-Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells

et al. 2020

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This review critically evaluates the latest trends in fuel cell development for portable and stationary fuel cell applications and their integration into the automotive industry. Fast start-up, high efficiency, no toxic emissions into the atmosphere and good modularity are the key advantages of fuel cell applications. Despite the merits associated with fuel cells, the high cost of the technology remains a key factor impeding its widespread commercialization. Therefore, this review presents detailed information into the best operating conditions that yield maximum fuel cell performance. The paper recommends future research geared towards robust fuel cell geometry designs, as this determines the cell losses, and material characterization of the various cell components. When this is done properly, it will support a total reduction in the cost of the cell which in effect will reduce the total cost of the system. Despite the strides made by the fuel cell research community, there is a need for public sensitization as some people have reservations regarding the safety of the technology. This hurdle can be overcome if there is a well-documented risk assessment, which also needs to be considered in future research activities.

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Development of a small fuel cell underwater vehicle

Cited by 31 publications

References 5 publications

Load changing characteristics of the hydrogen‐air and hydrogen‐oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Load changing characteristics of the hydrogen‐air and hydrogen‐oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Review of Fuel Cell Technologies and Applications for Sustainable Microgrid Systems

Technical and Commercial Challenges of Proton-Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells

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