Development of a Solid Chlorate Backup Oxygen Delivery System for the International Space Station

Graf, John; Dunlap, Cameron; Haas, Jon; Weislogel, Mark; Lewis, John F.; Meyers, Karen; McKernan, Andrew

doi:10.4271/2000-01-2348

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…This space station of Soviet design featured the same nominal atmospheric conditions as the Salyuts in a pressurized volume of 350m 3 . Oxygen production relied on two water electrolysis units [58], supplemented by lithium perchlorate candles [59] to support the presence of six astronauts and cosmonauts on board. Fire de-tection was based on optical smoke detectors [60], and mitigation relied first on portable extinguishers releasing a water-based foamy solution expanded by halon 1301 [43,61].…”

Section: Mirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire safety in spacecraft: Past incidents and Deep Space challenges

et al. 2022

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Section: Mirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire safety in spacecraft: Past incidents and Deep Space challenges

et al. 2022

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“…If technological developments in the past 60 years have drastically reduced the amount of potential fuel aboard spacecraft, there is an irreplaceable amount of material that exhibit flaming tendency but are nonetheless found onboard given their vital features. Such is the case of polyethylene, used for radiation shielding [2], lithium perchlorate found in oxygen generators [3], or more basic equipment like paper, towels, food, magazines, and souvenirs, which are required for the comforts of living during long missions [4]. As such, accidental fires must be investigated as possible scenarios.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the effects of opposed flow conditions on non-buoyant flames spreading over polyethylene-coated wires – Part II: Soot oxidation quenching and smoke release

Guibaud

Citerne

Consalvi

et al. 2020

Combustion and Flame

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Smoke release in the limited volume of a spaceship poses a major threat to the life of astronauts in long range exploration missions. If the absence of buoyant flows fundamentally affects combustion mechanisms, the possibility of atmospheric design in spacecraft environment provides a new leverage, not usually available on Earth. Investigating a non-buoyant flame spreading over the polyethylene coating of an electrical wire in an opposed laminar flow, the previous paper highlighted how flow conditions, namely oxygen content, flow velocity, and ambient pressure, affected spread rate and soot formation rate.

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“…Among them, the chemical oxygen supply commonly includes water-electrolyzed, potassium hyperoxide, peroxide, and oxygen candle. Similar to the liquid oxygen density, the oxygen candle is known for lightweight, safety, high oxygen storage capacity, and a long shelf life and thus has been extensively used in the internal life support systems of protective engineering, submarine, civilian aircraft, and fire-fighting [8][9][10][11]. Moreover, its oxygen generation performance is not influenced by surrounding temperature and humidity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Oxygen Generation Performance of Hollow-Structured Oxygen Candle for Refuge Space

Wang

Jin

Gao

et al. 2018

Journal of Chemistry

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To improve oxygen generation performance, we dissected and analyzed the incompletely reacted oxygen candles and thus proposed the concept of the hollow-structured oxygen candle. We calculated the surface area ratio and designed the mold for hollow-structured oxygen candles at a radius of 0, 5, 9, 12, 15.5, and 20 mm. The structural stability of the oxygen candles was tested by the loading experiment. The oxygen generation rate (OGR) and other properties were explored by combustion experiments. The composition of the oxygen candles and the residual solids after combustion were observed with scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that, with the increase of the hollow-structure radius (r), the stability of the hollow-structured oxygen candles gradually weakens, and the oxygen candles cannot be made when r is 20 mm. The hollow structure has a positive influence on the combustion of the oxygen candles, and the extent of combustion reaction can increase to 98.3% at the most, a 28.9% increase compared with that of solid-structured oxygen candles. The analysis of the morphology of cobalt(II,III) oxide and the macroscopic and microscopic morphology of the oxygen candles before and after combustion validates the rationality of the concept of the hollow-structured oxygen candle. The best performance of the oxygen candles is obtained when r = 9 mm, where the highest extent of combustion reaction is 98.3%. The total oxygen generated is 48.75 L, and the average rate is 9.2 L/min. The test of the oxygen candles with r = 9 mm after combustion by the X-ray diffractometer (XRD) shows that these oxygen candles fully reacted. This study provides a basis for optimizing the performance of oxygen candles and for the development of the oxygen supply system fitted with the oxygen candle in spaceflight, submarine, and underground space.

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Development of a Solid Chlorate Backup Oxygen Delivery System for the International Space Station

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Fire safety in spacecraft: Past incidents and Deep Space challenges

Fire safety in spacecraft: Past incidents and Deep Space challenges

On the effects of opposed flow conditions on non-buoyant flames spreading over polyethylene-coated wires – Part II: Soot oxidation quenching and smoke release

The Oxygen Generation Performance of Hollow-Structured Oxygen Candle for Refuge Space

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