Development of a Stable Isotope Dilution Assay for Tenuazonic Acid

Asam, Stefan; Liu, Yang; Konitzer, Katharina; Rychlik, Michael

doi:10.1021/jf104270e

Cited by 64 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Limited data are available for long-term toxicity effects of low concentrations of Alternaria toxins and their synergistic effect on other contaminants [13]. ALT has shown high acute toxicity with a LD 50 value of 50 mg/kg bw in mice, whereas TeA is considered to be the most acutely toxic among the Alternaria mycotoxins [27]. TeA is known to occur in high concentrations in commodities and has attracted increasing attention in recent years [11].…”

Section: Toxicity Of Alternaria Mycotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, Alternaria mycotoxins were detected in cereals and derived products [46,[57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76], feed [74,[109][110][111][112][113], dairy products [114], grapes and by-products [27,77,115], tomatoes and derived products [31,47,77,81,106,113], nuts and by-products [102,116], spices [117], soybeans [76,116,118], sunflower seeds [85,104,107], vegetables [27,101], vegetable oils [105], strawberries …”

Section: Prevalence Of Alternaria Mycotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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AlternariaMycotoxins in Food and Feed: An Overview

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Oueslati

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et al. 2017

Journal of Food Quality

146

127

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Alternaria is one of the major mycotoxigenic fungal genera with more than 70 reported metabolites. Alternaria mycotoxins showed notably toxicity, such as mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, induction of DNA strand break, sphingolipid metabolism disruption, or inhibition of enzymes activity and photophosphorylation. This review reports on the toxicity, stability, metabolism, current analytical methods, and prevalence of Alternaria mycotoxins in food and feed through the most recent published research. Half of the publications were focused on fruits, vegetables, and derived products-mainly tomato and apples-while cereals and cereal byproducts represented 38%. The most studied compounds were alternariol, alternariol methyl ether, tentoxin, and tenuazonic acid, but altenuene, altertoxins (I, II, and III), and macrosporin have been gaining importance in recent years. Solid-liquid extraction (50%) with acetonitrile or ethyl acetate was the most common extraction methodology, followed by QuEChERS and dilutiondirect injection (both 14%). High-and ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was the predominant determination technique (80%). The highest levels of alternariol and alternariol methyl ether were found in lentils, oilseeds, tomatoes, carrots, juices, wines, and cereals. Tenuazonic acid highest levels were detected in cereals followed by beer, while alternariol, alternariol methyl ether, tenuazonic acid, and tentoxin were found in legumes, nuts, and oilseeds.

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Section: Toxicity Of Alternaria Mycotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prevalence Of Alternaria Mycotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

AlternariaMycotoxins in Food and Feed: An Overview

Escrivá

Oueslati

Font

et al. 2017

Journal of Food Quality

146

127

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Water for HPLC was purified by a Milli-Q-system (Millipore, Schwalbach, Germany). [ 13 C 6 , 15 N]-tenuazonic acid was synthesized in our laboratory as described previously (Asam et al 2011).…”

Section: Chemicals and Reagentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dinitrophenylhydrazone of TA (TA-DNPH) showed reliable chromatographic and mass spectrometric behavior, and TA was successfully determined in flour, bakery products (Siegel et al 2009) and beer (Siegel et al 2010) by LC-MS/MS using this technique. In order to counterbalance derivatization uncertainties and to simplify quantitation, a stable isotope dilution assay (SIDA) for TA has recently been developed (Asam et al 2011). Based on the synthesis of [ 13 C 6 , 15 N]-TA, the SIDA allowed the determination of TA in tomato products with low limits of quantitation and high precision.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Content of the Alternaria mycotoxin tenuazonic acid in food commodities determined by a stable isotope dilution assay

et al. 2011

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The Alternaria mycotoxin tenuazonic acid (TA) was quantified in fruit juices (n = 50), cereals (n = 12) and spices (n = 38) using a recently developed stable isotope dilution assay (SIDA). [(13) C6,(15) N]-TA was used as the internal standard. Method validation revealed low limits of detection (LODs) of 0.15 μg/kg (fruit juices), 1.0 μg/kg (cereals) and 17 μg/kg (spices). The respective limits of quantitation were about three times higher. Recovery was about 100% for all matrices. The precision (relative standard deviation of replicate analyses of naturally contaminated samples) was 4.2% (grape juice; 1.7 μg/kg), 3.5% (whole wheat flour; 36 μg/kg) and 0.9% (curry powder; 215 μg/kg). The median content of TA in the analyzed samples was 1.8 μg/kg (fruit juices), 16 μg/kg (cereals) and 500 μg/kg (spices). Positive samples amounted to 86% (fruit juices), 92% (cereals) and 87% (spices).

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“…7, pathway I) [51]. The labelled standard obtained had excellent isotopic purity; however, the low yield (about 30 %) of the synthesis was acceptable only because the labelled amino acid is commercially available at a relatively moderate price.…”

Section: Tenuazonic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments in stable isotope dilution assays in mycotoxin analysis with special regard to Alternaria toxins

Asam

Rychlik

2015

Anal Bioanal Chem

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Stable isotope dilution assays (SIDAs) are becoming ever commoner in mycotoxin analysis, and the number of synthesized or commercially available isotopically labelled compounds has greatly increased in the 7 years since our last review dealing with this topic. Thus, this review is conceived as an update for new applications or improvements of SIDAs for compounds discussed earlier, but the main focus is on newly introduced labelled substances and the development of SIDAs for, for example, fusarin C, moniliformin or the enniatins. Mycotoxin research has concentrated on the emerging group of Alternaria toxins in recent years, and a series of SIDAs have been developed, including ones for tenuazonic acid, alternariol, altertoxins and tentoxin that are discussed in detail in this review. Information about synthetic routes, isotopic purity and mass-spectrometric characterization of labelled compounds is given, as well as about the development and validation of SIDAs and their application to foods, feeds or biological samples. As the number of commercially available labelled standards is increasing continuously, a general tendency for the use of analytical methods based on liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry capable of identifying a series of mycotoxins simultaneously ("multimethods") and using one or more labelled internal standards can be observed. An overview of these applications is given, thus demonstrating that SIDAs are increasingly being used in routine analysis.

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Development of a Stable Isotope Dilution Assay for Tenuazonic Acid

Cited by 64 publications

References 29 publications

AlternariaMycotoxins in Food and Feed: An Overview

AlternariaMycotoxins in Food and Feed: An Overview

Content of the Alternaria mycotoxin tenuazonic acid in food commodities determined by a stable isotope dilution assay

Recent developments in stable isotope dilution assays in mycotoxin analysis with special regard to Alternaria toxins

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