Development of a targeted GC/MS screening method and validation of an HPLC/DAD quantification method for piperazines–amphetamines mixtures in seized material

Boumrah, Yacine; Rosset, Martine; Lecompte, Yannick; Bouanani, Sabrina; Khimeche, Kamel; Dahmani, Abdallah

doi:10.1016/j.ejfs.2014.03.002

Cited by 6 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Concheiro et al (61) have developed a quantitative method targeting 40 novel psychoactive substances, including 8 piperazines and 4 metabolites in urine, using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Boumrah et al (5) have developed a qualitative method using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, which allows the separation and identification of a mixture consisting of piperazine derivatives and amphetamine-type stimulants. Quantitative analysis was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography using a liquid chromatograph with a diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD).…”

Section: Methods Of Identification For Piperazine Designer Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Piperazine derivatives in designer drugs are often found together with other psychoactive substances, for example, ecstasy, cocaine, amphetamine, ketamine, cannabis (5,25).…”

Section: Piperazine Derivatives In Designer Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The formulations containing piperazine derivatives are most often sold as party pills (5,27). They are offered for sale also in the form of powder, capsules, tablets, smoking forms, liquid mixtures and injections (1).…”

Section: Consumer's Profile Of Piperazine Designer Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Access to NPS is easy and without an atmosphere of legal sanctions. Designer drugs are characterized by a diverse composition and are often combined with other mixtures and forms of psychoactive compounds (5,6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Piperazine derivatives as dangerous abused compounds

Welz

Koba

2020

Acta Pharmaceutica

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Piperazine derivatives are a group of compounds with a psychostimulant effect. They are an alternative to illegal drugs. They are being searched for recreational use due to their psychoactive and hallucinogenic effects. The high popularity of these compounds can be noticed all over the world due to easy purchase, lack of legal regulations and incorrect assessment of the safety of use. The recreational use of piperazine derivatives can often result in chronic and acute health problems and additionally with unpredictable remote effects. It is also common to take mixtures of psychoactive compounds. This hinders the correct diagnosis and treatment of patients with poisoning. The presented work is an illustration of the wide problem of piperazine derivatives abuse. The health effects and the possibility of identifying these compounds in preparations and biological material are described.

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Section: Methods Of Identification For Piperazine Designer Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Piperazine derivatives in designer drugs are often found together with other psychoactive substances, for example, ecstasy, cocaine, amphetamine, ketamine, cannabis (5,25).…”

Section: Piperazine Derivatives In Designer Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Consumer's Profile Of Piperazine Designer Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Piperazine derivatives as dangerous abused compounds

Welz

Koba

2020

Acta Pharmaceutica

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“…The doses used for recreational purposes were about 50–100 mg for MDBP [ 18 ], and for MeOPP the dose was calculated as 1 mg/kg [ 30 , 39 ]. Piperazine designer drugs are most often sold in the form of colored tablets, capsules, powders, liquid mixtures and smoking forms [ 10 , 11 , 40 , 41 ]. Popular names of these products are: “Party pills”, “Retro pills”, “A2”, “Legal X”, “Legal E”, “X4”, “Herbal Ecstasy”, “Bliss”, “Combo”, “Lab-X”, “Cherries” and “Clear Light” [ 10 , 14 , 40 , 41 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of LC-MS and LC-DAD Methods of Detecting Abused Piperazine Designer Drugs

Welz

Koba

Kośliński

et al. 2022

JCM

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Recreational use of piperazine designer drugs is a serious threat to human health. These compounds act on the body in a similar fashion to illegal drugs. They induce psychostimulatory effects as well as visual and auditory hallucinations to varying degrees. In many cases of poisoning and deaths, the presence of two or even several psychoactive substances have been demonstrated. Piperazine derivatives are often found in such mixtures and pose a great analytical problem during their identification. Additionally, some piperazine derivatives can be detected in biological material as a result of metabolic changes to related drugs. Therefore, it is necessary to correctly identify these compounds and ensure repeatability of determinations. This article presents a comparison of the methods used to detect abused piperazine designer drugs using liquid chromatography in combination with a diode-array detector (LC-DAD) or mass spectrometer (LC-MS). Each of methods can be used independently for determinations, obtaining reliable results in a short time of analysis. These methods can also complement each other, providing qualitative and quantitative confirmation of results. The proposed methods provide analytical confirmation of poisoning and may be helpful in toxicological diagnostics.

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