Development of a theoretically based thermal model for lithium ion battery pack

Zhu, Cong; Li, Xinghu; Song, Lingjun; Xiang, Liming

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.09.035

Cited by 190 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…To accurately simulate the battery characteristics, various battery models have been proposed, such as the thermal model [37], the equivalent circuit model, and the electrochemical model [38]. Of these, equivalent circuit models (ECMs) are commonly-used to simulate the dynamic behavior of the battery, including the voltage response to different current condition.…”

Section: Battery Equivalent Circuit Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Observer for Lithium-Ion Battery State of Charge Estimation in Electric Vehicles Based on a Second-Order Equivalent Circuit Model

et al. 2017

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Accurate state of charge (SOC) estimation can prolong lithium-ion battery life and improve its performance in practice. This paper proposes a new method for SOC estimation. The second-order resistor-capacitor (2RC) equivalent circuit model (ECM) is applied to describe the dynamic behavior of lithium-ion battery on deriving state space equations. A novel method for SOC estimation is then presented. This method does not require any matrix calculation, so the computation cost can be very low, making it more suitable for hardware implementation. The Federal Urban Driving Schedule (FUDS), The New European Driving Cycle (NEDC), and the West Virginia Suburban Driving Schedule (WVUSUB) experiments are carried to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Experimental results show that the SOC estimation error can converge to 3% error boundary within 30 s when the initial SOC estimation error is 20%, and the proposed method can maintain an estimation error less than 3% with 1% voltage noise and 5% current noise. Further, the proposed method has excellent robustness against parameter disturbance. Also, it has higher estimation accuracy than the extended Kalman filter (EKF), but with decreased hardware requirements and faster convergence rate.

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Section: Battery Equivalent Circuit Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Observer for Lithium-Ion Battery State of Charge Estimation in Electric Vehicles Based on a Second-Order Equivalent Circuit Model

et al. 2017

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“…In addition, the heat generation is proportional to both the current rate and its square [33]. As such, the cells cycled at higher rate enter abnormal process in much shorter time than that cycled at lower rate.…”

Section: High Rate Behaviour Under Adiabatic Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling electro-thermal response of lithium-ion batteries from normal to abuse conditions

et al. 2017

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Insight of thermal behaviour of lithium-ion batteries under various operating conditions is crucial for the development of battery management system (BMS). Although battery thermal behaviour has been studied by published models, the reported modelling normally addresses either normal operation or thermal runaway condition. A comprehensive electro-thermal model which can capture heat generation, voltage and current variation during the whole process from normal cycling to thermal runaway should be of benefit for BMS by evaluating critical factors influencing potential transition to thermal runaway and investigating the evolution process under different cooling and environment conditions. In this study, such a three-dimensional model has been developed within the frame of open source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code OpenFOAM to study the electrical and thermal behaviour of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The equations governing the electric conduction are coupled with heat transfer and energy balance within the cell. The model has well captured the evolution process of a cell from normal cycling to abnormal behaviour until thermal runaway and achieved reasonably good agreement with the measurements. The validated model has then been used to conduct parametric studies of this particular type of LIB by evaluating the effects of discharging current rates, airflow quantities, ambient temperatures and thickness of airflow channel on the response of the cell. Faster function losses, earlier thermal runaway and higher extreme temperatures were found when cells were discharged under higher current rates. The airflow with specific velocity was found to provide effective mitigation against over-heating when the ambient temperature was below 370K but less effective when the ambient temperature was higher than the critical value of 425K. The thickness of airflow channel was also found to have critical influence on the cell tolerance to elevated temperatures. These parametric studies demonstrate that the model can be used to predict potential LIB transition to thermal runaway under various conditions and aid BMS.

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“…Once a single cell has been modelled from the thermal point of view, there is the question of how to deal with a whole battery pack. Based on the results provided in [26], the following approximate law was deduced and implemented in the present work:…”

Section: Thermal Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approach to Hybrid Energy Storage Systems Dimensioning for Urban Electric Buses Regarding Efficiency and Battery Aging

Nájera

Moreno‐Torres²,

Lafoz

et al. 2017

Energies

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This paper focuses on Hybrid Energy Storage Systems (HESS), consisting of a combination of batteries and Electric Double Layer Capacitors (EDLC), for electric urban busses. The aim of the paper is to develop a methodology to determine the hybridization percentage that allows the electric bus to work with the highest efficiency while reducing battery aging, depending on the chosen topology, control strategy, and driving cycle. Three power electronic topologies are qualitatively analyzed based on different criteria, with the topology selected as the favorite being analyzed in detail. The whole system under study is comprised of the following elements: a battery pack (LiFePO4 batteries), an EDLC pack, up to two DC-DC converters (depending on the topology), and an equivalent load, which behaves as an electric bus drive (including motion resistances and inertia). Mathematical models for the battery, EDLCs, DC-DC converter, and the vehicle itself are developed for this analysis. The methodology presented in this work, as the main scientific contribution, considers performance variation (energy efficiency and battery aging) and hybridization percentage (ratio between batteries and EDLCs, defined in terms of mass), using a power load profile based on standard driving cycles. The results state that there is a hybridization percentage that increases energy efficiency and reduces battery aging, maximizing the economic benefits of the vehicle, for every combination of topology, type of storage device, control strategy, and driving cycle.

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Development of a theoretically based thermal model for lithium ion battery pack

Cited by 190 publications

References 15 publications

A Novel Observer for Lithium-Ion Battery State of Charge Estimation in Electric Vehicles Based on a Second-Order Equivalent Circuit Model

A Novel Observer for Lithium-Ion Battery State of Charge Estimation in Electric Vehicles Based on a Second-Order Equivalent Circuit Model

Modelling electro-thermal response of lithium-ion batteries from normal to abuse conditions

Approach to Hybrid Energy Storage Systems Dimensioning for Urban Electric Buses Regarding Efficiency and Battery Aging

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