Aiming at the problems of small data storage, small platform throughput, and high energy consumption in the development of existing cloud computing platforms, this paper develops a cloud computing platform based on neural networks. In the design of the platform, firstly, the functions of the cloud computing platform are determined. Based on the function design, the hardware and software of the cloud computing platform are designed. In the hardware design, the topology of cloud computing platform, data acquisition module, single-chip microcomputer, node deployment, and other types of functional hardware are designed. In the software design, the neural network is mainly used to remove the redundancy of data stored in a cloud computing platform, design the data processing flow of cloud computing platform, and complete the development of cloud computing platform based on neural network. The experimental results show that the cloud computing platform based on the neural network designed in this paper runs faster, the throughput of platform data has been significantly improved, and the operating energy consumption of the platform is low.