Development of a Variable Valve Actuation Control to Improve Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Efficiency and Emissions in a Light Duty Diesel Engine

Serrano, José Ramón; Arnau, Francisco José; Martín, Javier Rodríguez; Auñón, Ángel

doi:10.3390/en13174561

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Given the result that the flexibility of the crankshaft decreases the mass flow rate of air that goes into cylinders, resulting in unfavorable higher rate of exhaust emission, strengthening the microstructure of the crankshaft with nano-I-beam is expected to improve the flexural stiffness and strength of the crankshaft. This would result in longer service life along with exhaust emission reduction [58,59].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validated Analytical Modeling of Diesel Engines Intake Manifold with a Flexible Crankshaft

2021

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The flexibility of a crankshaft exhibits significant nonlinearities in the analysis of diesel engines performance, particularly at rotational speeds of around 2000 rpm. Given the explainable mathematical trends of the analytical model and the lack of available analytical modeling of the diesel engines intake manifold with a flexible crankshaft, the present study develops and validates such a model. In the present paper, the mass flow rate of air that goes from intake manifold into all the cylinders of the engine with a flexible crankshaft has been analytically modeled. The analytical models of the mass flow rate of air and gas speed dynamics have been validated using case studies and the ORNL and EPA Freeway standard drive cycles showing a relative error of 7.5% and 11%, respectively. Such values of relative error are on average less than those of widely recognized models in this field, such as the GT-Power and the CMEM, respectively. A simplified version for control applications of the developed models has been developed based on a sensitivity analysis. It has been found that the flexibility of a crankshaft decreases the mass flow rate of air that goes into cylinders, resulting in an unfavorable higher rate of exhaust emissions like CO. It has also been found that the pressure of the gas inside the cylinder during the intake stroke has four elements: a driving element (intake manifold pressure) and draining elements (vacuum pressure and flow losses and inertial effect of rotating mass). The element of the least effect amongst these four elements is the vacuum pressure that results from the piston's inertia and acceleration. The element of the largest effect is the pressure drop that takes place in the cylinder because of the air/gas flow losses. These developed models are explainable and widely valid so that they can help in better analyzing the performance of diesel engines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validated Analytical Modeling of Diesel Engines Intake Manifold with a Flexible Crankshaft

2021

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“…The VVT is connected to the camshaft, and it controls the speed of rotation of the camshaft by monitoring the vehicle's performance. As the vehicle detect performance differences, it changes the four-valve events' timing, which includes the opening and closing of the intake and exhaust valve [37]. Although every VVT has a similar process, individual companies have their own unique valve timing system that improves the engine's efficiency and performance.…”

Section: Variable Valve Timing (Vvt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Development of the Automobile Industry in the United States, Europe, and Japan with Special Focus on the Vehicles’ Power Sources

Shigeta

Hosseini

2020

Energies

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In this paper, various modern power engines developed by the American, Japanese, and European automobile industries will be compared. Specific data, including the efficiency, emission rate of nitrogen oxides (NOx), fuel consumption, and electronic vehicle technology, will be developed. Since the first invention of the automobile engine in the late 19th century, companies came up with unique innovations, including its structure, control systems, and additional mechanical installations to improve efficiency and reduce emissions. Numerous companies, including Ford, Toyota, and Mercedes-Benz, compete in the automobile industry to improve their engine’s efficiency and emission rates to create a clean environment. In addition, each country has its regulations on emission rates and automobile structure. Therefore, to meet these regulations, the structure and the system of the engines vary between companies in different countries. A variety of variable valve timing (VVT) systems, which is a mechanical part installed in the engine, are being developed by several companies. The VVT controls the opening and closing of the air inlet valve and the exhaust valve, which improves the reduction of fuel consumption and thermal efficiency. Furthermore, changing the engine structure is also another method that automobile companies are developing. Changing the engine’s shape can improve the vehicle’s performance (e.g., the engine vibration while running, the power output, and the smoothness of driving). Due to the emissions caused by petrol and diesel engines, the electrified vehicles have been developing to achieve a cleaner environment. This includes battery electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and fuel cell electric vehicles. By comparing these features in the engine, it is possible to understand what the companies in the US, Japan, and the European countries are working on to improve their engines and provide a clean environment.

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“…Thus, numerous efforts have been conducted for reducing the long warm-up periods [19] looking for faster catalyst light-off. Arnau et al explored engine-based techniques, such as exhaust line thermal insulation [20] and variable valve timing [21] in diesel engines as a way to increase the exhaust temperature during transient operation. Regarding ATS focused solutions, Serrano et al [22] discussed the potential and limitations of pre-turbine small-sized catalysts in accelerating the catalyst activation under real driving conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Driving Altitude and Ambient Temperature Impact on the Conversion Efficiency of Oxidation Catalysts

et al. 2021

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Worldwide emission standards are extending their requirements to cover engine operation under extreme ambient conditions and fill the gap between the type-approval and real driving conditions. The new ambient boundaries affect the engine performance and raw emissions as well as the efficiency of the exhaust aftertreatment systems. This study evaluates the impact of high altitude and low ambient temperature on the light-off temperature and conversion efficiency of an oxidation catalyst. The results are compared in a common range of exhaust mass flow and temperature with the baseline sea-level operation at 20 °C. A reduction of CO and HC conversion efficiencies was found at 2500 m and −7 °C, with a relevant increase of the light-off temperature for both of the pollutants. The analysis of the experimental data was complemented with the use of a catalyst model to identify the causes leading to the deterioration of the CO and HC light-off. The use of the model allowed for identifying, for the same exhaust mass flow and temperature, the contributions to the variation of conversion efficiency caused by the change in engine-out emissions and tailpipe pressure, which are, in turn, manifested in the variation of the reactants partial pressure and dwell time as governing parameters.

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Development of a Variable Valve Actuation Control to Improve Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Efficiency and Emissions in a Light Duty Diesel Engine

Cited by 12 publications

References 34 publications

Validated Analytical Modeling of Diesel Engines Intake Manifold with a Flexible Crankshaft

Validated Analytical Modeling of Diesel Engines Intake Manifold with a Flexible Crankshaft

Sustainable Development of the Automobile Industry in the United States, Europe, and Japan with Special Focus on the Vehicles’ Power Sources

Analysis of the Driving Altitude and Ambient Temperature Impact on the Conversion Efficiency of Oxidation Catalysts

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