Development of advanced scanning electron microscopy techniques for characterization of submicron ash

O’Keefe, Catherine A.; Watne, Tina M.; Hurley, John P.

doi:10.1016/s0032-5910(99)00206-5

Cited by 14 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Electron microscopy is one of the most versatile tools for the microanalysis of individual particles. Both conventional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) ( − ) and computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy (CCSEM) ( − ) as well as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) ( − ) have been widely used to characterize single coal fly ash particles. However, most of these studies have focused on micrometer and larger size particles, and data on ultrafine fly ash particles are sparse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission Electron Microscopy Investigation of Ultrafine Coal Fly Ash Particles

Chen

Shah

Huggins

et al. 2005

Environ. Sci. Technol.

118

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Ultrafine (<100 nm) ash particles in three coal fly ashes (CFA) produced by the combustion of three U.S. coals have been examined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and electron diffraction. These ultrafine particles, either as primary ash particles derived directly from coal minerals or as secondary products of decomposition and vaporization-condensation processes, show quite different morphologies, compositions, and microstructures as compared to particles in coarser, micrometer-size fractions previously examined by CCSEM. An eastern U.S. bituminous CFA sample shows abundant discrete crystalline particles rich in Fe, Ti, and Al in its ultrafine ash fraction, and crystalline phases down to 10 nm size have been identified. Western U.S. low-rank CFA samples contain considerable amounts of alkaline-earth element aggregates in the form of phosphates, silicates, and sulfates and mixed species. Most of them show crystalline or crystalline plus amorphous characteristics. All three ultrafine samples also exhibit carbonaceous particles in the form of soot aggregates with primary particle size typically between 20 and 50 nm. In the western low-rank ultrafine CFAs, these carbonaceous soot particles were typically mixed or coated with multi-element inorganic species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission Electron Microscopy Investigation of Ultrafine Coal Fly Ash Particles

Chen

Shah

Huggins

et al. 2005

Environ. Sci. Technol.

118

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show abstract

“…Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) is one of the most versatile tools for obtaining information about individual particles. The morphology, size and composition of micrometre and even submicrometre coal fly ash particles have been well characterized by a variety of electron microscopy techniques, including conventional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (Quann & Sarofim, 1986; Seames, 2003), computer‐controlled scanning electron microscopy (CCSEM) (Huffman et al ., 1989, 1990; Katrinak & Zygarlicke, 1995; O’Keefe et al ., 2000; Chen et al ., 2004), and conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (Azar & Thomas, 1988; Qian et al ., 1988; Hurley & Schobert, 1992; Vassilev & Vassileva, 1996). However, scant information is available on ultrafine (< 100 nm) particles, which are abundant in coal fly ash PM 2.5 samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of ultrafine coal fly ash particles by energy‐filtered TEM

Chen

Shah

Huggins

et al. 2005

Journal of Microscopy

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SummaryIn this study, energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy is demonstrated to be a valuable tool for characterizing ultrafine coal fly ash particles, especially those particles encapsulated in or associated with carbon. By examining a series of elemental maps (K-edge maps of C and O, and L-edge maps of Si, Al, Ti and Fe) recorded using the three-window method, considerable numbers of titanium and iron species with sizes from several nanometres to submicrometre were shown to be present, typically as oxides dispersed in the carbonaceous matrix. Crystalline phases, such as rutile and iron-rich oxide spinel, were also identified from electron diffraction patterns and highresolution TEM images. Information about these ultrafine coal fly ash particles regarding their size, morphology, elemental composition and distribution, and crystalline phases, which has not been available previously in conventional ash studies, should be useful in toxicological studies and related environmental fields.

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Analysis of Ash Adhesion Behavior at High Temperature Conditions - Relationship Between Powder Bed Strength and Microscopic Behavior

Tsukada

Yamada

Kamiya

2012

Ceramic Transactions Series

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Development of advanced scanning electron microscopy techniques for characterization of submicron ash

Cited by 14 publications

References 3 publications

Transmission Electron Microscopy Investigation of Ultrafine Coal Fly Ash Particles

Transmission Electron Microscopy Investigation of Ultrafine Coal Fly Ash Particles

Characterization of ultrafine coal fly ash particles by energy‐filtered TEM

Analysis of Ash Adhesion Behavior at High Temperature Conditions - Relationship Between Powder Bed Strength and Microscopic Behavior

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