Development of an ability to maintain verbally instructed central gaze fixation studied in 8- to 10-year-old children

Paus, Tomáš; Бабенко, В. В.; Radil, T

doi:10.1016/0167-8760(90)90045-f

Cited by 33 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…For instance, when subjects between 4 and 15 years of age have to maintain a fixation on a target, fixation durations increase and the number of reflexive saccades decrease with age (Aring et al, 2007;Ygge et al, 2005). Furthermore, the ability to maintain fixation when peripheral distractors appear increased from 8-years-olds to 10-years-olds, suggesting that cognitive control of fixation develops until the age of 10 (Paus, Babenko, & Radil, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The maturation of eye movement behavior: Scene viewing characteristics in children and adults

Helo

Pannasch²,

Sirri

et al. 2014

Vision Research

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While the close link between eye movements and visual attention has often been demonstrated, recently distinct attentional modes have been associated with specific eye movement patterns. The ambient mode-serving the localization of objects and dominating early scene inspection-is expressed by short fixations and large saccade amplitudes. The focal mode-associated with the identification of object details and dominating later stages of scene exploration-is indicated by longer fixations embedded in short saccades. The relationship between these processing modes and eye movement characteristics has so far only been examined in adults. While studies in children revealed a maturation of oculomotor behavior up to adolescence, developmental aspects of the processing modes are still unknown. Here we explored these mechanisms by comparing eye movements during the inspection of naturalistic scenes. Therefore, gaze behavior from adults and children in four different age groups (2, 4-6, 6-8, 8-10years old) was examined. We found a general effect of age, revealing that with age fixation durations decrease and saccade amplitudes increase. However, in all age groups fixations were shorter and saccades were longer at the beginning of scene inspection but fixations became longer and saccades became shorter over time. While saliency influenced eye guidance in the two youngest groups over the full inspection period, for the older groups this influence was found only at the beginning of scene inspection. The results reveal indications for ambient and focal processing strategies for as early as 2 years of age.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The maturation of eye movement behavior: Scene viewing characteristics in children and adults

Helo

Pannasch²,

Sirri

et al. 2014

Vision Research

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“…Childhood difficulties in oculomotor control were originally attributed to the delayed maturation of prefrontal cortex (Munoz et al, 1998;Paus et al, 1990); more recently, increases in activation in a larger network including prefrontal, parietal, striatal, and thalamic areas have been implicated in age-related changes in the control of saccades (Luna et al, 2001). Although such accounts exist at the systems level, less is known about the neurocomputational and cellular properties underlying these changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to the findings with young infants, these have both been measured in older children. Ten-year-old children are better able than 8-year-olds to inhibit reflexive saccades to sudden peripheral onsets (Paus, Babenko, & Radil, 1990). Furthermore, participants between 5 and 79 years display age-related reductions in the proportion of errors in the antisaccade task, with the most striking changes occurring between 5 and 15 years old (Munoz, Broughton, Goldring, & Armstrong, 1998; see also Fischer, Biscaldi, & Gezeck, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Dramatic improvements in saccadic control have been attributed to the delayed maturation of prefrontal cortex (Munoz et al, 1998;Paus et al, 1990). More recently, Luna et al (2001) found gradual age-related increases in distributed parietal, striatal, and thalamic as well as frontal activation in tasks requiring antisaccades from 8 to 30 years old, suggesting that developmental changes in oculomotor control depend on a large network including, but not exclusively constituted by, prefrontal cortex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

To Look or Not to Look? Typical and Atypical Development of Oculomotor Control

Scerif

Karmiloff‐Smith

Campos

et al. 2005

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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Abstract& The ability to inhibit saccades toward suddenly appearing peripheral stimuli (prosaccades) and direct them to contralateral locations instead (antisaccades) is a crucial marker of eye movement control. Typically developing infants as young as 4-month-olds can learn to inhibit reflexive saccades to peripheral stimuli, but they do not produce antisaccades, whose development later in infancy and its underlying neural computations remain unexplored. Here we tested oculomotor control in typically developing toddlers and toddlers with fragile X syndrome (FXS), a disorder of known genetic origin that allows the investigation of the neurocomputational properties contributing to the development of saccadic control. Typically developing toddlers decreased looking toward peripheral cues that predicted contralateral rewards, whose appearance they anticipated. Furthermore, this correlated with age, indicating a gradual development of saccadic control. In contrast with the typical case, toddlers with FXS did not decrease their looks to peripheral onsets that predicted contralateral events.

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“…Other mechanisms are the visually mediated reflexes (optokinetic and smooth pursuit tracking), which depend on the ability of the brain to determine the target velocity on the retina [15] and match it with eye velocity. The attentiveness and reflexes required to turn the fovea towards the object of significance, and the ability to suppress inadequate saccades, also affect the ability to fixate [16][17][18]. Furthermore, the fusional vergence in response to a retinal disparity and the accommodative vergence affects the fixation when there is a loss of focus [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%