Development of an Antifertility Vaccine for Pets Based on Active Immunization against Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone1

Ladd, A; Tsong, Yun-Yen; Walfield, Alan M.; Thau, Rosemarie B.

doi:10.1095/biolreprod51.6.1076

Cited by 58 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Immunisation with GnRH has been used successfully in many domestic as well as some non-domestic species 9,23,34,51 to control reproduction and androgen associated behaviour. It is reversible 23,28,29,34 and no adverse side effects have been recorded 23,26,27 . The aims of this study were to investigate a possible relationship between concentrations of faecal androgen and glucocorticoid metabolites and aggressive behaviour and to test a GnRH vaccine as a means of controlling aggressive behaviour and musth in African elephant bulls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Vaccination against GnRH may suppress aggressive behaviour and musth in African elephant (Loxodonta africana) bulls - a pilot study

Nys¹,

Bertschinger²,

Turkstra

et al. 2010

J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc.

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Aggressive behaviour and musth are constant problems in captive and sometimes in free-ranging African elephant bulls. Aggressive bulls are difficult and musth bulls almost impossible to manage without severely restricting their movement either by leg-chaining or using tranquillisers. This study investigated the relationship between faecal androgen metabolites (FAM) and faecal cortisol metabolites (FCM) concentrations and aggressive behaviour and tested a GnRH vaccine as a means of down-regulating aggressive behaviour and musth in 1 free-ranging and 5 captive elephant bulls. The bulls were non-aggressive (n = 3), aggressive (n = 2) or in musth (n = 1) at the onset of the study. The bulls were injected with a GnRH vaccine-adjuvant combination 3 or 4 times at 3- to 7-week intervals. Behaviour, FAM and FCM concentrations were measured during every week prior to vaccination until 4 months after the last vaccination. FAM concentrations were positively correlated with aggressive behaviour before the 1st vaccination. Androgen production, as reflected by FAM concentrations, was down-regulated in 3 of the 6 immunised bulls. At least 2 bulls and possibly a 3rd showed behavioural improvement following GnRH vaccination and in all 3 temporal gland secretion ceased. No further aggressive behaviour was observed until the end of the study in any of the bulls. The results of this 1st GnRH immunisation study suggest that it could be a useful method to control aggressive behaviour and musth in African elephant bulls

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Vaccination against GnRH may suppress aggressive behaviour and musth in African elephant (Loxodonta africana) bulls - a pilot study

Nys¹,

Bertschinger²,

Turkstra

et al. 2010

J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc.

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“…Awoniyi et al, 1988a;Bonneau et al, 1994;Meloen et al, 1994), but also to a variety of farm animal (e.g. Robertson et al, 1982;Schanbacher and Pratt, 1985;Godfrey et al, 1996) and pet species (Ladd et al, 1994) to eliminate hormone-dependent aggressive behaviour for a limited time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Return of testicular function after vaccination of boars against GnRH: consequences on testes histology

Rottner

Claus

2009

Animal

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Traditionally, male pigs are surgically castrated without anaesthesia to avoid later occurrence of the sex odour of androstenone in the carcass. Active immunization against gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a painless alternative which inhibits LH and thus steroidogenesis in the Leydig cells. In a preceding study we clarified the return of Leydig cell function after the last dose of antigen by measuring hormones, and found a considerable variation (10 to 24 weeks) till return of their function (testosterone > 0.5 ng/ml blood plasma). The present paper analyses histological data on testes characteristics of the same six boars at an age of 52 weeks (26 weeks after last immunization). Data were compared to another four boars which were not immunized but slaughtered at the same age. Testis weight was related to the concentration of testosterone in blood. In boars, that first returned to testicular function, testis weight even exceeded those in controls probably due to rebound phenomena. Differences in testis weight were mainly due to differences of Leydig cell content of cytoplasm, and less to the size of nuclei. Additionally, the height of seminiferous epithelium was slightly dependent on testosterone concentrations and contributed moderately to differences in testis weight. Altogether, normalization of testicular function, even after return to steroidogenesis, requires another 13 weeks.

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“…Development of a GnRH vaccine is problematic because GnRH is a well preserved peptide among species, it has only ten amino acids and it is not naturally immunogenic. Several studies carried out with GnRH molecules conjugated to various antigens to mobilize T-helper cells have shown promising results in the dog, but its effects on the bitch or in the queen have not been studied in detail (LADD et al, 1994;FERRO et al, 2004;JUNG et al, 2005;KUTZLER;WOOD, 2006).…”

Section: Conservative Treatment/management Of Orsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovarian remnant syndrome in small animals

et al. 2012

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The ovarian remnant syndrome (ORS) is an iatrogenic disorder in bitches and queens, which is characterized by recurrence of estrus following surgical spay, due to the presence of a piece of ovarian tissue within the abdominal cavity. In most cases, the remnant ovary is found in the right ovarian pedicle, due to its topographic position, deeper and more cranial than the left ovary. The main clinical signs of ORS in small animals are the heat behavior and the presence of vaginal swelling/secretion, especially in canines. The diagnosis should be performed by means of vaginal cytology when attraction of males is detected, serum estrogen and progesterone levels and/or by challenging test with GnRH or hCG administration. However, vaginal citology is the most suitable and less expensive diagnostic tool. Nowadays the treatment of choice is a new laparotomy or laparoscopy, followed by removal of the remnant ovarian tissue. The surgical treatment has more chances of success if it is performed in the diestrus (i.e., between 15 and 60 days after the detection of attraction of males). Furthermore, a careful and accurate surgical procedure aided by advanced visualization techniques during ovariohysterectomy or ovariectomy is the best way to prevent ORS in companion animals. Key words: Partial ovarian spay, recurrent estrus, bitches, queens ResumoA síndrome do ovário remanescente (SOR) é um distúrbio iatrogênico em cadelas e gatas caracterizado pelo retorno do estro após contracepção cirúrgica devido à presença de fragmento de tecido ovariano na cavidade abdominal. Frequentemente, o ovário remanescente está situado no pedículo ovariano direito, sobretudo devido a sua posição topográfica mais profunda e cranial em comparação ao ovário esquerdo. Os principais sinais clínicos de SOR em pequenos animais são cio e presença de edemaciamento/secreção vulvar/vaginal, especialmente em caninos. O diagnóstico deve ser realizado por meio de citologia vaginal quando detecta-se o interesse dos machos pela cópula com a fêmea acometida, dosagem sérica de estrógeno e progesterona e/ou por meio do teste provocativo com administração de GnRH ou hCG. Contudo, citologia vaginal constitui a opção de melhor custo-benefício para o diagnóstico. Atualmente, o tratamento de escolha é cirúrgico por meio de laparotomia exploratória ou laparoscopia, seguido pela remoção do ovário remanescente. O tratamento cirúrgico tem maiores taxas de sucesso quando realizado com o animal em diestro (i.e., entre 15 e 60 dias após detectada a atração dos machos). Ademais, a

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Development of an Antifertility Vaccine for Pets Based on Active Immunization against Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone1

Cited by 58 publications

References 15 publications

Vaccination against GnRH may suppress aggressive behaviour and musth in African elephant (Loxodonta africana) bulls - a pilot study

Vaccination against GnRH may suppress aggressive behaviour and musth in African elephant (Loxodonta africana) bulls - a pilot study

Return of testicular function after vaccination of boars against GnRH: consequences on testes histology

Ovarian remnant syndrome in small animals

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