Dengue virus (DENV), a member of the Flavivirus family, has four distinct serotypes (DENV serotype 1 [DENV1], DENV2, DENV3, and DENV4) that require differentiation for the effective prevention of morbid disease. Early and rapid differentiation between flaviviruses remains challenging. Full assays combining four individual, serotype-specific and one group-specific nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) antigen capture enzymelinked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) based on monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against DENV NS1 were developed and validated. The sensitivities and specificities of the full NS1 ELISAs were evaluated with viral cultures and dengue acute-phase sera. Four serotype-specific NS1 ELISAs displayed high specificities for the detection and differentiation of appropriate serotypes. The group-specific NS1 ELISA was broadly reactive with the four dengue virus serotypes. None of the NS1 ELISAs displayed cross-reactivity with the other flaviviruses or samples from febrile patients with non-dengue virus infections. The full serotype-and group-specific MAb-based NS1 capture ELISAs may provide tools for the early detection and typing of dengue infection, which is preferable to reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) for the rapid differential diagnosis of dengue virus infection in the field.Dengue virus (DENV), a member of the Flavivirus family, has four distinct serotypes (DENV serotype 1 [DENV1], DENV2, DENV3, and DENV4). Infection with any of the four serotypes can cause disease ranging from dengue fever (DF) to dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)/dengue shock syndrome (DSS) (8). Subsequent heterologous infections may increase the risk of developing DHF or DSS (11). Patients with DHF or DSS can experience a sudden onset of hemorrhage or shock and may even die without appropriate management. Early diagnosis and management can reduce the morbidity and mortality of DHF or DSS (5). However, symptoms of dengue fever are not sufficiently specific for the accurate clinical differentiation of dengue from other febrile illnesses and hemorrhagic diseases, especially in areas where multiple tropical diseases, such as yellow fever, West Nile disease, Japanese encephalitis, and St. Louis encephalitis, are endemic. In addition, case identification has become more important in order to determine the correlations of different serotypes with disease severity (15). IgM antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA) has commonly been used for routine diagnosis. Anti-dengue virus IgM antibody detection, however, is more challenging because dengue virus antibodies cross-react with other flaviviruses (10). Viral RNA detection assays, such as one-step TaqMan real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), provide a promising sensitivity rate and rapid diagnosis at the acute stage. However, the molecular approach is costly because it requires specialized laboratory equipment and experienced technicians (14). These represent notable limitations in many developing countries where dengue disease is endemic (14). Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1)...