Development of an automated bench top electronic penetrometer

Bianchini, Aloísio; Roque, M. W.; Rosa, Rodrigo Pengo

doi:10.1590/s0100-69162013000600012

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…After the samples at each potential reached the water balance point, they were weighed and then transferred to an electronic bench penetrometer with constant penetration speed of 10 mm min -1 (0.167 mm s -1 ), with a load cell having nominal capacity of 196.13 N (20 kgf), shaft with cone having diameter of 3.7407 mm and semiangle of 30°. The device was connected to a computer to record the readings (Bianchini et al, 2013). Then the samples were dried at 105°C for 48 h to calculate the bulk density (Donagema et al, 2011).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimate of the least limiting water range based on relative density of an oxisol in Brazil

Ramos¹,

Maia²,

Weber³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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The no-tillage technique has been expanding in the Brazilian Cerrado (savanna), but due to the rapid decomposition of residues and few options for profitable rotation crops, soil compaction can be a problem, seriously reducing water availability to plants. Determination of the least limiting water range (LLWR) is a sensitive method to assess the current soil compaction state, although it is operationally and economically beyond the reach of most farmers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the LLWR of a highly loamy typic Oxisol (dystrophic red Latosol) and to evaluate the possibility of estimating it by using the relative bulk density (RBD), determined based on the soil compaction curve, which in comparison is a relatively fast and inexpensive method. The results showed that RBD was strongly correlated with LLWR, with coefficient of determination between 0.69 and 0.95, besides having low mean standard estimation error of at most 0.016 m 3 m -3 (P < 0.0001), making measurement of the RBD satisfactory, to estimate the LLWR. Besides this, the RBD values corresponding to BD critical , that is, when LLWR = 0, were very near the RBD value (≈ 0.90), taken as the upper limit of physical quality for adequate plant growth. Therefore, because of the high cost and laboratory time necessary to determine the LLWR for each type of soil, a viable alternative is to use the reference value or maximum acceptable RBD limit value of 0.90 for management of soil compaction, obtained through geostatistical analyses, to ascertain the variability in the cultivated areas where RBD ≥ 0.90. In short, it is technically and economically feasible to estimate the LLWR based on the RBD.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimate of the least limiting water range based on relative density of an oxisol in Brazil

Ramos¹,

Maia²,

Weber³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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show abstract

“…In order to perform the tests, the automatic electronic penetrometer (PEAB), Fig developed by [7], was used to work with a variety of cone geometries, with a base area of 129, 28 mm², and feed speeds ranging from mm s ̄ ¹ to 30 mm s ̄ ¹, has a total travel of the penetration cone of 200 mm and contains samples of diameters between 50 and 150 mm.…”

Section: Fig 3 Overview Of the Assembly Of The Test Piecesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are a certain variability in cone size, penetration velocity, cone penetration angle and sample size used in soil penetration tests at bench penetration [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is the Ideal Test Piece Diameter for Laboratory Penetration Soil Resistance (SPR) Testing?

Cruz¹,

Bianchini²,

Santos³

et al. 2020

JEAI

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The objective of this work was to determine the adequate diameter of soil samples as a function of the cone base area for soil penetration resistance (SPR) tests in the laboratory. The experiment was conducted at the Faculty of Agronomy and Animal Science (FAAS) – UFMT. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 3 x 3 x 2 factorial scheme, with 3 basal areas of the cone (11.05 mm2, 33.70 mm2, 52.17 mm2), 3 diameters of the specimen (50 mm, 100 mm, 150 mm) and presence and absence of volumetric rings during the penetrometer tests, with a total of 11 replicates, which were divided between two data acquisition speeds. The specimens were prepared in a protected environment (greenhouse) undergoing a curing process, with 54 cycles of drying and moistening (6 months). The soil density was obtained in the field, to reproduce the same density in the laboratory. In this way, the volume of the dry mass of soil was calculated for each ring starch. All the rings were made with 12 cm of height and 10 cm were occupied by the soil. Tubes (PVC) intended for the production of unconfined test specimens were opened longitudinally to enable their removal at the time of testing without damaging the structure. The SPR tests were performed in the Laboratory of Agricultural Machines and Motors (LAMAM). The data obtained were analyzed by variance. The specimen of 50mm diameter was insufficient to be representative of the field. The presence of the ring influenced the SPR, causing an increase of the same. The cone of a smaller size (11.05 mm²) was shown to be more suitable for SPR in the laboratory. The SPR test proved to be more efficient without the volumetric ring.

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Development of an automated bench top electronic penetrometer

Cited by 2 publications

References 10 publications

Estimate of the least limiting water range based on relative density of an oxisol in Brazil

Estimate of the least limiting water range based on relative density of an oxisol in Brazil

What is the Ideal Test Piece Diameter for Laboratory Penetration Soil Resistance (SPR) Testing?

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