Development of an empirical test method to quantify the ɸ-sensitivity of liquid fuels

Alemahdi, Nika; García-Martínez, Antonia; Boufaim, Emma; Aferiat, Giulia; Tunér, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115257

Cited by 7 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…27 From here in this paper and onward whenever ϕ-sensitivity is mentioned or discussed refers to the fuel ϕ-sensitivity property measured using Lund ϕ-sensitivity number. 27…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this section the method and the formula for the Lund ϕ-sensitivity number calculation, by the authors, 27 is used to calculate the ϕ-sensitivity of the blends at Tin 423 K, considering this fact that the intake temperature for Lund ϕ-sensitivity number is meant to be 323 K. The objective of this calculation was to understand the ϕ-sensitivity concept under different intake temperature regimes and study the effect of higher intake temperature on Lund ϕ-sensitivity number and therefore ϕ-sensitivity property of different fuels. The intake temperature of 423 K is selected because it is above the boiling point of all of blends components.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main exothermic combustion reactions responsible for high temperature heat release (HTHR) are H 2 O 2 + M = OH + OH + M , where M is called the third body and could be any molecule in the mixture. Figure 4 illustrates the criteria and definition of distinct phases of combustion for HCCI combustion in this study adapted from Alemahdi et al 27 In this research based on Alemahdi et al 27 the point at which the rate of heat release exceeds 0.2 J/CAD and does not drop lower than this value is selected as the start of auto-ignition or start of early reaction (SER) point. The first point after NTC region that the rat of heat release has reached 5 J/CAD is selected as the start of high temperature heat release (HTHR) and therefore main combustion.…”

Section: Test Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lund ϕ-sensitivity number (by the authors) is one of the empirical methods that evaluates and measures the ϕ-sensitivity property of different liquid fuels independent of fuels RON or MON. 27…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lund f-sensitivity number (by the authors) is one of the empirical methods that evaluates and measures the f-sensitivity property of different liquid fuels independent of fuels RON or MON. 27 The other side of the sustainable internal combustion engine (ICE) story is the fuel. Improving the technology of ICE alone will not solve the emission problems of ICE if these engines continue burning fossil fuels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding the effect of Intake temperature on the ϕ-sensitivity of toluene-ethanol reference fuels and neat ethanol

Alemahdi

Martı́nez

Tunér

2022

International Journal of Engine Research

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The low-temperature combustion (LTC) is an attractive concept that enables the modem combustion engines to move toward sustainability mainly by increasing the efficiency and decreasing the emissions. The modern combustion engines which are working based on the LTC concept have specific fuel requirements. Fuel ϕ-sensitivity is a key factor to be considered for tailoring fuels for these engines. Fuel with a high ϕ-sensitivity are more responsive to thermal or fuel stratifications; the auto-ignition properties of different air-fuel mixtures of these fuels, with different equivalence ratio (ϕ), are more diverse. This diversity provide a smoother heat release rate in stratified condition. In this study 11 different toluene–ethanol reference fuels (TERFs) in three research octane number (RON) groups of 63, 84, and 105 together with neat ethanol are evaluated. The Lund ϕ-sensitivity method is used to evaluate these fuels in a cooperative fuel research (CFR) engine. The effect of variation of intake temperature on pressure sensitivity of fuel at a constant combustion phasing is evaluated. This evaluation is performed at two intake temperature of 373 and 423 K, and the results are compared with the outcome of the Lund ϕ-sensitivity number with the intake temperature of 323 K. This study shows that the CR sensitivity response of different blends to the intake charge temperature variation depends on the fuel composition. Accumulated low temperature heat release and latent heat of vaporization. It proves that the fuel ϕ-sensitivity will vary under different thermodynamic conditions. There was a clear link between the accumulated heat released during the early reaction and CR sensitivity of the blends at different intake temperature of 373 and 423 K but the link with the latent heat of vaporization (HoV) found to be inexplicit.

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“…27 From here in this paper and onward whenever ϕ-sensitivity is mentioned or discussed refers to the fuel ϕ-sensitivity property measured using Lund ϕ-sensitivity number. 27…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%