“…There are many other hybrid approaches used for path planning that did not include FL. Some of these include APF combined with SA [216], PSO combined with gravitational search (GS) algorithm [283], VFH algorithm combined with Kalman Filter [113], integrating game theory and geometry [284], combination of differential global positioning system (DGPS), APF, FL and A * path planning algorithm [41], A * search and discrete optimization methods [92], a combination of differential equation and SMC [243], virtual obstacle concept was combined with APF [106], and recently the use of LIDAR sensor accompanied with curve fitting. Few of such methods are discussed in this section.…”