Development of an extraction method for the determination of avermectins in soil using supercritical CO₂ modified with ethanol and liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to develop a multiresidue analytical method for determination of avermectins (abamectin, ivermectin, moxidectin, and doramectin) in soil samples using supercritical fluid extraction and LC-MS/MS. The optimal extraction conditions for supercritical fluid extraction were 80°C for temperature, 300 kg/cm(2) for pressure, 40 min as an extraction time, and 30% of a modifier ratio. The linearity of the calibration curves was excellent and yielded the correlation coefficients (r(2) = 0.998-0.999, at a range of 1.5-500 ng/g). Soil samples were fortified with known quantities of the analytes at three different concentration levels (5, 10, and 50 ng/g) and the recoveries were in the range of 82.5-96.2% with relative standard deviation values ranging between 2.1 and 7.9%. The limits of detections and limits of quantitations were 1.5 and 5 ng/g, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied to analyze avermectin residues in soil samples collected from 13 sites in the Honam area, Republic of Korea. In sum, a combination of supercritical fluid extraction and LC-MS/MS has been proven to be highly efficient as an environmentally friendly technique for the simultaneous determination of avermectins in soil samples.

Combination of microwave‐assisted extraction with dispersive micro solid‐phase extraction as an efficient sample pretreatment method for the extraction of some antiparasitic drugs from cow liver, meat, and kidney samples

“…Therefore, proposing new analytical methods for monitoring veterinary drug residues in extensively utilized foodstuffs like cow meat, kidney, and liver is of great importance in order to control these products' safety for human consumption [11]. Ordinarily, HPLC with different detectors like diode array detection (DAD) and tandem mass spectrometry is utilized to quantify veterinary drugs like avermectins in foodstuffs [12,13]. Generally, in spite of the sufficient sensitivity of these instruments, prior to analysis of the foodstuffs, a sample pretreatment step is needed in order to get rid of interfering compounds originating from sample matrices and preconcentration of the analytes (guarantee determination of low concentrations) [14][15][16].…”

Antiparasitários em solos brasileiros

“…As avermectinas tem aplicação em bovinos, suínos, equinos, caprinos e ovinos, é considerada segura em relação à dose para as espécies (CAMPBELL, 2012;WANG et al, 2009), sendo utilizadas também na aquicultura (HERNANDO et al, 2007;TURNIPSEED et al, 1999) e na agricultura (BREWER et al, 2004;KOLAR et al, 2008;PARK et al, 2013).…”

“…Já pesquisadores chineses determinaram as avermectinas, abamectina (9,3 a 12.806 ng g -1 ), emamectina (17,2 ng g -1 ) e a ivermectina (106,8 a 2.352 ng g -1 ) em amostras de solo de diferentes origens (pomares, campo de cultivo de vegetais e de criadouros de porcos) (XIE et al, 2012). Em outros estudos (KROGH et al, 2008a;PARK et al, 2013) Em nosso grupo de pesquisa foram realizados estudos (sorção, degradação e dissipação em solos) com a ivermectina e a abamectina.…”

“…No caso dos extratos de solo, que é uma matriz complexa, o uso de acetato de amônio pode minimizar a formação de adutos. KINSELLA et al, 2009;LÖFFLER & TERNES, 2003;LORENZO et al, 2012;PARK et al, 2013;RÚBIES et al, 2015;SCHNEIDER et al, 2014;SHERIDAN & DESJARDINS, 2006;VALENZUELA et al, 2000) do que o modo ESI- (DURDEN, 2007).…”

“…Os limites de quantificação (LQ), determinado utilizando uma relação sinal-ruído de 10, foram de 0,10 ng g -1 para ABA, DORA, MOXI e IVER, e 0,20 ng g -1 para EPRI. Estes valores são adequados para os objetivos previstos e menores do que os relatados na literatura utilizando LC-MS/MS (KROGH et al, 2008a;PARK et al, 2013;RAICH-MONTIU et al, 2011).…”