Development of an NDIR CO2 Sensor-Based System for Assessing Soil Toxicity Using Substrate-Induced Respiration

Szatyłowicz

et al. 2018

Water Air Soil Pollut

The contamination of soil with petroleum products is a major environmental problem. Petroleum products are common soil contaminants as a result of human activities, and they are causing substantial changes in the biological (particularly microbiological) processes, chemical composition, structure and physical properties of soil. The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of soil moisture on CO2 efflux from diesel-contaminated albic podzol soils. Two contamination treatments (3000 and 9000 mg of diesel oil per kg of soil) were prepared for four horizons from two forest study sites with different initial levels of soil water repellency. CO2 emissions were measured using a portable infrared gas analyser (LCpro+, ADC BioScientific, UK) while the soil samples were drying under laboratory conditions (from saturation to air-dry). The assessment of soil water repellency was performed using the water drop penetration time test. An analysis of variance (ANVOA) was conducted for the CO2 efflux data. The obtained results show that CO2 efflux from diesel-contaminated soils is higher than efflux from uncontaminated soils. The initially water-repellent soils were found to have a bigger CO2 efflux. The non-linear relationship between soil moisture content and CO2 efflux only existed for the upper soil horizons, while for deeper soil horizons, the efflux is practically independent of soil moisture content. The contamination of soil by diesel leads to increased soil water repellency.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Diesel Oil Pollution on the Hydrophobicity and CO2 Efflux of Forest Soils

Szatyłowicz

et al. 2018

Water Air Soil Pollut

First International Conference on Secure Reconfigurable Architectures &Amp; Intelligent Computing (SRAIC 2019)

“…The MAFS-WSN works on the principle of transformation of carbon dioxide (CO2) into methane (CH4) over a catalyst, which in turn can be precisely recycled as a fuel. Methane (odorless) is an essential intention gas owing to its immense combination in natural gas [13]. The NDIR CO2 Gas Sensors are also capable of identifying and associating themselves to form a network confined for air quality monitoring.…”

Section: Ndir Co2 Gas Sensor and Methane Sensor (Tgs2611-e)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Low Cost Methane Absorption Fueling System in Wireless Sensor Networks using SBC-MS

Pavitra¹,

Janani²

2019

The isolated accessible Methane (CH4) Absorption Fueling System (MAFS) is matured based on the mechanics of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) comprised of gas sensing capable motes complementing a MAFS-WSN. Discrete routing protocols have been designed earlier for data collection in both compatible and divergent networks. This research presents a novel Scheduling based Clustering (SBC) with Mobile Sink (MS) strategy (SBC-MS) which supplements data collection in MAFS-WSN. The SBC-MS strategy attempts to exploit the vital parameters of energy and distance in selecting the appropriate cluster head that well suits MAFS-WSN in reliable gas detection. The MSs are exploited to reduce the energy expenditure in data communication. Extensive experimentations have been carried out with the proposed SBC-MS to ensure the QOS of MAFS-WSN in terms of schedulability and reliability. The simulation results prove that SBC-MS outperforms the earlier clustering technique M-LEACH in terms of network lifetime, energy consumption, end-to-end delay and data rate.

“…These systems are significantly superior to grating spectrometers or monochromators in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and accuracy [ 5 ]. Furthermore, they are more flexible than nondispersive infrared (NDIR) sensor systems [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ], since the whole spectrum is analyzed instead of single absorption bands. As in conventional FTIR spectrometers, moving mirrors modulate the optical path difference, however, stabilizing the device under harsh environmental conditions proves difficult and costly, coming with elaborate optical and mechanical designs like for example double pendulum interferometers [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Measurement Using Static Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometers

Köhler

Schardt

Rauscher

et al. 2017

Sensors

Online monitoring of gases in industrial processes is an ambitious task due to adverse conditions such as mechanical vibrations and temperature fluctuations. Whereas conventional Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers use rather complex optical and mechanical designs to ensure stable operation, static FTIR spectrometers do not require moving parts and thus offer inherent stability at comparatively low costs. Therefore, we present a novel, compact gas measurement system using a static single-mirror Fourier transform spectrometer (sSMFTS). The system works in the mid-infrared range from 650 cm−1 to 1250 cm−1 and can be operated with a customized White cell, yielding optical path lengths of up to 120 cm for highly sensitive quantification of gas concentrations. To validate the system, we measure different concentrations of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (R134a) and perform a PLS regression analysis of the acquired infrared spectra. Thereby, the measured absorption spectra show good agreement with reference data. Since the system additionally permits measurement rates of up to 200 Hz and high signal-to-noise ratios, an application in process analysis appears promising.