Development of an ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method for the detection of lipophilic marine toxins

Fux, Elie; McMillan, Daniel; Biré, Ronel; Heß, Philipp

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2007.05.016

Cited by 102 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Além dos trabalhos descritos acima, outros foram realizados empregando CLUE, como, por exemplo, determinação de lactonas, 23 to- xinas marinhas, 45 cianobactérias, 46 drogas veterinárias, 47 saponinas, 12,48 enzimas 49 e metabonomas, 50 o que comprova que a cromatografia líquida de ultra eficiência vem sendo avaliada e empregada em diversas áreas.…”

Section: Aplicações Da Clueunclassified

O estado da arte da cromatografia líquida de ultra eficiência

Maldaner

Jardim

2009

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 8/4/08; aceito em 14/7/08; publicado na web 5/12/08 THE STATE OF ART OF ULTRA PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY. Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) retains the same principles as High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), but uses 1-2.1 mm i.d. columns with sub-2 µm particles. It is considered the newest advance in analytical separation science. The use of these small particles with mobile phases at high linear velocities increases resolution and detectability and decreases analysis time. Thus, the analyses are faster, the solvent volume is smaller, the efficiency is higher and the detectability is 2-3 times higher when compared with HPLC analysis.

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Section: Aplicações Da Clueunclassified

O estado da arte da cromatografia líquida de ultra eficiência

Maldaner

Jardim

2009

Quím. Nova

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“…Currently, LC-MS/MS methods are considered the methods of choice for cyclic imines analysis in shellfish (EFSA 2010). Several publications have reported LC-MS/MS methods for SPXs, GYMs, PnTXs and PtTXs (Cembella et al 1999, Takada et al 2001a, 2001b, Stirling 2001, Biré et al 2002, Aasen et al 2005, Ciminiello et al 2006, Villar Gonzalez et al 2006, Fux et al 2007, Gerssen et al 2009a, 2009b, Seiwood et al 2010). These methods are based on reversed-phase LC coupled with electrospray ionization MS used in either the selected ion monitoring (SIM) or the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) modes (EFSA 2010).…”

Section: Liquid Chromatography With Tandem Mass Spectrometry Detectiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These methods are based on reversed-phase LC coupled with electrospray ionization MS used in either the selected ion monitoring (SIM) or the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) modes (EFSA 2010). Recently, multitoxin LC-MS/MS methods have been developed for a comprehensive phycotoxin monitoring of lipophilic marine toxins under acidic (Fux et al 2007) or alkaline conditions (Gerssen et al 2009a(Gerssen et al , 2009b). An LC-MS/MS method implemented by Fux et al (2007) was capable of detecting 21 lipophilic marine toxins in a total run time of 6.6 min.…”

Section: Liquid Chromatography With Tandem Mass Spectrometry Detectiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclic imines, as emerging marine toxins: Chemical properties, distribution, toxicological aspects and detection methods

Chatzianastasiou¹,

Katikou²,

Zacharaki³

et al. 2017

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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Shellfish and, specifically, bivalve molluscs are a food commodity of great nterest for both commercial and public health reasons. They consume microalgae from surrounding waters, which are generally beneficial for aquaculture, but they comprise certain toxin-producing species. These species produce marine toxins which, via the filter-feeding mechanism of bivalve molluscs, accumulate in their tissues. This accumulation is more intense andmore dangerous for public health during the so-called periods of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) when the microalgal population grows. According to their chemical structure, marine toxins are classified into 8 groups, one of which is the cyclic imines. These lipophilic toxins were accidentally discovered during routine bioassays for the detection of other lipophilic marine toxins due to the induction of neurological symptoms and acute death in mice. They include the following subgroups: Spirolides (SPX), gymnodimines (GYM), pinnatoxins (PnTX), pteriatoxins (PtTX), prorocentrolides and spiro-prorocentrimines. The European Union (EU) is more concerned about the first three subgroups, because, in contrast with the latter three, they have already been detected in Europe or there is strong evidence supporting their presence. Spirolides are produced by the dmof\a.ge\\ate Alexandrìum ostenfeldii/peruvianum, gymnodimines by the dinoflagellate Karenia selliformis and pinnatoxins by a peridinoid dinoflagellate recently described in the new genus Vulcanodinium spp.. Although there is insufficient information regarding the geographical distribution of cyclic imines, the fact that they have been detected on multiple occasions in European waters, in combination with their aforementioned acute toxicity in mice after intraperitoneal injection, has established them, at least within the EU, as a topic of profound scientific research. In spite of their acute toxicity in mice, no incident of human intoxication has been attributed to cyclic imines. Presently, the EU has neither set any Maximum Permissible Limits for the concentration of cyclic imines in shellfish nor appointed any reference method for their detection and quantification. Currently, the methods applied are biological, biochemical and chemical. The biological method is a bioassay, which is conducted via the intraperitoneal injection of mice with an extract containing the compound under examination and it detects total toxicity. This properly is essential for the detection of unknown toxins, but the use of laboratory animals raises serious ethical concerns and animal welfare issues. The biochemical method is based on competition between cyclic imines and a fluorescently labelled compound for binding to receptors of the electric ray Torpedo marmorata. Finally, in respect of chemical methods, liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS/MS) is the most significant method because it is fast, of high repeatability and specificity.

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“…Until recently, the cyclic imines could only be detected by mouse bioassay and LC-MS-based detection techniques [48, [121][122][123][124][125]. The only method currently available that has a biological component, besides the mouse bioassay, is a fluorescence polarization assay for the detection of gymnodimines and spirolides [126].…”

Section: Cyclic Iminesmentioning

confidence: 99%