Development of Analytical Method for Detection of Some Pharmaceuticals in Surface Water

Al-Qaim, Fouad Fadhil; Abdullah, Pauzi; Othman,; Latip, Jalifah; Afiq, WM

doi:10.4314/tjpr.v12i4.25

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The highest concentrations of TB were detected in Al-Wazah tea and Milo at 256 and 222 mg/L, respectively. All of these beverages are a major source of contamination of the water samples by theobromine and caffeine; as shown in previous studies [23,24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Determination of theobromine and caffeine in some Malaysian beverages by liquid chromatography-time-offlight mass spectrometry

Al-Qaim¹,

Yuzir²,

Mussa³

2018

Trop. J. Pharm Res

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To determine the concentration of theobromine (TB) and caffeine (CF) in tea and other beverages using liquid chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS). Methods: The extract of caffeine and theobromine from tea and other beverages was filtered by 0.45 μm nylon micro-syringe and then injected into a LC-ToF-MS system. Theobromine and caffeine were separated using Thermo Scientific C18-column (length 250 mm, width 2.1 mm and diameter 5 μm). Acetonitrile-methanol (ACN-MeOH, 3:1 v/v) was used as mobile phase B, while mobile phase A was 0.1 % FA in DIW. The volume injected was 30 μL at a rate of 0.3 mL/min. Results: Good linearity was obtained in the range of 0.3-400 and 0.2-200 mg/L for theobromine and caffeine, respectively (regression coefficient (R 2) > 0.970). The limits of detection were 0.15 and 0.05 μg/mL for theobromine and caffeine, respectively. The highest concentrations of caffeine and theobromine determined in tea samples were 159.1 and 255.8 mg/L, respectively. Conclusion: Theobromine and caffeine have been successfully analysed in tea, coffee and soft drinks. LC-TOF-MS is an accurate and promising instrument for the determination of the studied compounds in beverages.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Determination of theobromine and caffeine in some Malaysian beverages by liquid chromatography-time-offlight mass spectrometry

Al-Qaim¹,

Yuzir²,

Mussa³

2018

Trop. J. Pharm Res

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“…Analyses were performed on a 5 mm Eclipse Plus C18, 4.6 ¥ 250 mm by Agilent Technologies (California, USA) column elute with mobile separation phase (A) 0.1% formic acid in ultra-pure water and (B) ACN-MeOH (3:1, v/ v) with elution program as follows: 0 to 3 min, 5% to 60% B gradient, 3 to 6 min, 60% to 97% B gradient, 6 to 11 min, hold 97% B. Final selected and optimized conditions were as follows: injection volume 10 mL, mobile phase isocratic pump at flow rate 0.8 mL/min at 35∞C, and detection wavelength of 275 nm (Al-Qaim et al, 2013, 2014a.…”

Section: Hplc Uv-vis and Ft-icr Ms Analysis Lc Separationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidation of prazosin biodegradation by isolated <i>Bacillus</i> spp. from the tropical environment

Mohsi

Apandi

Noor

et al. 2020

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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Prazosin (PRZ), a drug used to treat hypertensive patients, is an emergent contaminant in water systems. PRZ is an alpha-adrenergic receptor blocker used to treat anxiety, and is believed to reach the environment through human excretion, irresponsible disposal of unused medicine, and waste products from manufacturing plants. The purpose of this research was to isolate and characterize potential microbes for PRZ biodegradation and to identify the degradation pathway. After screening, isolated strain STP3 showed a capability for PRZ degradation and was chosen for further analysis. Resting cell assays with PRZ were conducted to identify the intermediate metabolites formed from biodegradation by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FT-ICR MS) analysis. Two metabolites degraded from PRZ by STP3 were successfully found, and as these metabolites are derived from the main structure of PRZ, their presence proved PRZ degradation. Draft genome sequencing analysis of STP3 was performed to identify potential enzymes for PRZ biodegradation based on the metabolites found.

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“…The widespread presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment could be attributed to their extensive use in medical practice and incomplete removal in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). [1][2][3][4][5] One of these emerging compounds is carbamazepine (CBZ) (C 15 H 12 N 2 O), which is one of the most widely used antiepileptic drugs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, CBZ was widely detected in influent and effluent of sewage treatment plant (STP), as well as in surface water due to its persistence for degradation. [6][7][8][9][10] Carbamazepine has been treated by different treatment technologies such as ultrasonication, Fenton's oxidation and ferro-sonication, 11 biodegradation after advanced oxidation process (UV/H 2 O 2 ), 8 addition of aqueous chlorine directly to carbamazepine solution 12 and addition of some oxidizing agent directly into solution such as Mn VII and Fe VI . 13 However, most of these processes have some disadvantages, for instance, UV-light source is harmful to skin and eyes, adding raw materials and/or chlorine solution directly to the solution is also considered risky for the health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full Factorial Experimental Design for Carbamazepine Removal Using Electrochemical Process: a Case Study of Scheming the Pathway Degradation

Al-Qaim¹,

Mussa²,

Yuzir³

et al. 2018

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Carbamazepine is an antiepileptic drug which is considered one of the persistent compounds detected in Malaysian aquatic environment. In this present study, a full factorial experimental design was applied for the analysis of effect NaCl amount, initial concentration of carbamazepine, applied voltage and treatment time on the electrochemical removal percentage of carbamazepine. However, applied voltage was found as the most significant factor with p = 0.00 lower than 95% confidence level. The investigation of effect NaCl and Na 2 SO 4 on the pathway degradation for carbamazepine was provided using liquid chromatography-time of flight/mass spectrometry (LC-TOF/MS). The results showed that new by-products were identified such chloro-epoxy carbamazepine, and other by-products, were detected in the presence of NaCl and Na 2 SO 4 electrolytes. High inhibition percentage of Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria was observed at 24.0 h incubation time for both NaCl and Na 2 SO 4 electrolytes after 80 and 20 min of treatment, respectively.

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Development of Analytical Method for Detection of Some Pharmaceuticals in Surface Water

Cited by 10 publications

References 19 publications

Determination of theobromine and caffeine in some Malaysian beverages by liquid chromatography-time-offlight mass spectrometry

Determination of theobromine and caffeine in some Malaysian beverages by liquid chromatography-time-offlight mass spectrometry

Elucidation of prazosin biodegradation by isolated <i>Bacillus</i> spp. from the tropical environment

Full Factorial Experimental Design for Carbamazepine Removal Using Electrochemical Process: a Case Study of Scheming the Pathway Degradation

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