It is well known that there is a wide diversity of biological structural materials in Nature resulting from the intricate combination of inorganic minerals with organic polymers. Together, these are fashioned into a fascinating variety of shapes and forms. The study of these natural biomineralized structures has generated a growing awareness in materials science that the adaptation of biological processes may lead to significant advances in designing complex structures and controlling intricate processing routes that lead to the final shape. To date, it has not yet been possible to fully replicate these structures by nonbiological processing.Mineralized biological tissues are produced by living organisms of all kingdoms of life for different purposes such as body support, protection of vital organs, or defense against predators. They are highly optimized materials with outstanding properties and, moreover, these materials are produced at mild temperature and pressure conditions, with relatively low energy consumption, contrary to what typically occurs in synthetic materials. The majority of the organisms have their mineralized tissues composed of calcium phosphates and carbonates or amorphous silica.Bone is an example of a natural mineralized composite that has been extensively studied because of its unique structure and mechanical properties [1]. Bone is built according to a bottom-up approach, as typically occurs in these natural mineralized composites, in which the material is built starting at atomic and molecular scales, leading to the formation of nanostructured building blocks that in turn organize themselves in complex hierarchical structures [2]. The components at each level are related with each other, enabling the optimization of the performance for the required functions. Another characteristic of these natural composites is that the hard mineral component exhibits nanometric sizes, at least in one direction; displays an anisotropic geometry, and is immersed in a soft organic matrix. Gao [3] showed that the hierarchical organization, nanometer scale, and anisotropy of the mineral crystals are fundamental for the superior mechanical properties of these biocomposites, as evidenced in bone.