Development of Azure-B modified pencil graphite electrode as an electrochemical sensor for the investigation of Levofloxacin in pharmaceutical and biological samples

Vinay, M.M.; Nayaka, Y. Arthoba; Yatisha, R.O.; Basavarajappa, K.V.; Manjunatha, P.; Purushothama, H.T.

doi:10.1016/j.cdc.2020.100441

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Electrical contact with the instrument is realized by means of a conductive wire which was soldered or wrapped to the metallic part of the mechanical pencil holder [9,19,21,22,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] (Figure 1a). A micropipette tip [38], an insuline syringe [39], a glass cappilary [40,41], or a plastic [16,[42][43][44][45][46] (Figure 1b) or Teflon tube [47][48][49][50][51][52] (Figure 1c,d) can also act as holder. An araldite mixture (epoxy resin, 1:1) [16,41,[43][44][45], bentonite [38,39], or cyanoacrylate glue [40] was used to fix the graphite lead into the support.…”

Section: Pge Manufacturing Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A micropipette tip [38], an insuline syringe [39], a glass cappilary [40,41], or a plastic [16,[42][43][44][45][46] (Figure 1b) or Teflon tube [47][48][49][50][51][52] (Figure 1c,d) can also act as holder. An araldite mixture (epoxy resin, 1:1) [16,41,[43][44][45], bentonite [38,39], or cyanoacrylate glue [40] was used to fix the graphite lead into the support. Other PGEs were obtained by covering a part of the graphite lead with nail polish [53] or with Teflon tape [20,[54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65] (Figure 1e), leaving a constant length and area of nacked pencil mine to act as an electroative surface.…”

Section: Pge Manufacturing Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sometimes, the graphite lead electrode is polished with an alumina slurry [25,41,47,59,67], on sandpaper with different granulometrics [40,42,68], on emery paper [41,[49][50][51][52]69] followed by a butter sheet [16,45], on butter paper [39], or on weighing paper [20,57,58,62,70]. Yen et al [71] reported that amoxicicllin presented a better electrochemical response at the PGE mechanically treated with polishing paper in comparison with the original electrode.…”

Section: Pge Manufacturing Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An easy way to cover the PGE surface is to apply multiple CV scans to a solution containing the desired modifier(s) [20,60,86,87,108], most often resulting in electrode surface polymeric films like polypyrrole [86,109,110], polyaniline [105,109], poly(2-thiobarbituric acid) [59], poly(Azure-B) [45], poly(xylenol orange) [46], poly(eriochrom black T) [111,112], poly(bromocresol green) [113], etc. or MIPs if the polymerization solutions contain both the monomer(s) and the analyte(s), which act as template molecule(s) [38,49,89,91,92,106,107,[114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124] (Table 3).…”

Section: Applications Of (Electro)chemically Modified Pges To the Vol...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The electrochemical characterization of bare and modified electrodes was usually performed by CV [87,88,117,124,125,129] and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) using [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3−/4− as a redox probe and KCl as a supporting electrolyte [17,20,37,41,43,45,47,53,56,57,59,[63][64][65]69,80,85,87,90,105,117,124,125,127,131,132,136,[141][142][143]147], but [Ru(NH 3 ) 6 ] 3+/2+ was also used [38].…”

Section: Pge Surface Characterization By Electrochemical Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Developments in Voltammetric Analysis of Pharmaceuticals Using Disposable Pencil Graphite Electrodes

et al. 2022

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The even growing production of both well-known and new derivatives with pharmaceutical action involves the need for developing facile and reliable methods for the analysis of these compounds. Among the widely used instrumental techniques, the electrochemical ones are probably the simplest and the most rapid, also having good performance characteristics. However, the key tool in electroanalysis is the working electrode. Due to the inherent electrochemical and economic advantages of the pencil graphite electrode (PGE), the interest in its applicability in the analysis of different analytes has continuously increased in recent years. Thus, this paper aims to review the scientific reports published in the last 10 years on the use of the disposable eco- and user-friendly PGEs in the electroanalysis of compounds of pharmaceutical importance in different matrices. The PGE characteristics and designs (bare or modified with various types of materials), along with their applications and performance parameters (e.g., linear range, limit of detection, and reproducibility), will be discussed, and their advantages and limitations will be critically emphasized.

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Section: Pge Manufacturing Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pge Manufacturing Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pge Manufacturing Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Applications Of (Electro)chemically Modified Pges To the Vol...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pge Surface Characterization By Electrochemical Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Developments in Voltammetric Analysis of Pharmaceuticals Using Disposable Pencil Graphite Electrodes

et al. 2022

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Cost‐effective amperometric sensor for monitoring levofloxacin in groundwater

Alvarez‐Serna,

García‐Mejía,

Arzate

et al. 2024

Electroanalysis

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Electrochemical Determination of Levofloxacin Using Poly(Pyrogallol Red) Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

et al. 2022

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In this paper, an electrochemical sensor for levofloxacin detection was developed by electrochemical polymerization of pyrogallol red (PGR) on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surfaces. Surface morphology and electrical properties of the Poly(PGR)/GCE obtained was characterized by SEM and EIS techniques. Voltammetric behaviour of the levofloxacin was found pH dependent, and the best response was obtained at pH 6.0 PBS. By monitoring the peak current at around 0.9 V, a wide linear range of calibration graph: from 0.2 μM-15 μM LEV and 15 μM-355 μM for levofloxacin, and very low detection limit of 97 nM were achieved with amperometry. Selectivity of the method developed was proven in the presence of possible interfering substances and the method was successfully employed for levofloxacin detection in pharmaceutical tablet and synthetic urine sample.

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Development of Azure-B modified pencil graphite electrode as an electrochemical sensor for the investigation of Levofloxacin in pharmaceutical and biological samples

Cited by 21 publications

References 14 publications

Recent Developments in Voltammetric Analysis of Pharmaceuticals Using Disposable Pencil Graphite Electrodes

Recent Developments in Voltammetric Analysis of Pharmaceuticals Using Disposable Pencil Graphite Electrodes

Cost‐effective amperometric sensor for monitoring levofloxacin in groundwater

Electrochemical Determination of Levofloxacin Using Poly(Pyrogallol Red) Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

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