Development of benzimidazole resistant Trichoderma strains for the integration of chemical and biocontrol methods of grapevine pruning wound protection

Mutawila, Cheusi; Halleen, F.; Mostert, Lizel

doi:10.1007/s10526-014-9647-y

Cited by 23 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…All plant protection product treatments that are currently available in the market, only aim a preventive fungal infection, but are not custom made for GTD (grapevine trunk disease) pathogens or other trunk diseases, e.g., in plums, peaches, or almonds and are futile after the infection and colonization in the plant occurred. Since GTD pathogens grow mostly in the xylem vessels, we assume that the introduced injection method is capable to reach the fungal mycelium inside the plant …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted Drug Delivery in Plants: Enzyme‐Responsive Lignin Nanocarriers for the Curative Treatment of the Worldwide Grapevine Trunk Disease Esca

et al. 2019

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Nanocarrier (NC)‐mediated drug delivery is widely researched in medicine but to date has not been used in agriculture. The first curative NC‐based treatment of the worldwide occurring grapevine trunk disease Esca, with more than 2 billion infected plants causing a loss yearly of $1.5 billion, is presented. To date, only repetitive spraying of fungicides is used to reduce chances of infection. This long‐term treatment against Esca uses minimal amounts of fungicide encapsulated in biobased and biodegradable lignin NCs. A single trunk injection of <10 mg fungicide results in curing of an infected plant. Only upon Esca infection, ligninolytic enzymes, secreted by the Esca‐associated fungi, degrade the lignin NC to release the fungicide. The specific antifungal activity is confirmed in vitro and in planta (in Vitis vinifera L. cv. ‘Portugieser’). All treated plants prove to exhibit significantly fewer symptoms several weeks after treatment, and their condition is monitored for 5 years (2014–2018), proving a long‐term curative effect of this NC treatment. This study proves the efficacy of this NC‐mediated drug delivery for agriculture, using a minimum amount of fungicides. It is believed that this concept can be extended to other plant diseases worldwide to reduce extensive spraying of agrochemicals.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted Drug Delivery in Plants: Enzyme‐Responsive Lignin Nanocarriers for the Curative Treatment of the Worldwide Grapevine Trunk Disease Esca

et al. 2019

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“…isolates were used for the isolation of secondary metabolites and the comparison of the production of the major secondary metabolite between isolates. Benzimidazole resistant mutants MT1 (STE‐U 7733), MT2 (STE‐U 7734) and MT77 (STE‐U 7735) were developed by gamma irradiation from the wildtype isolates UST1, UST2 and T77, respectively (Mutawila et al ., ). These were included in the comparison of the production of the major secondary metabolite between the Trichoderma isolates.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…It is therefore important to identify the active compounds in culture filtrates. In addition, mutant isolates with high tolerance to benzimidazole fungicides, for possible integrated application, were developed from these isolates by gamma irradiation (Mutawila et al ., ). One of them lost the in vitro antagonistic activity, and it is therefore hypothesized that the mutation could have affected secondary metabolite production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Isolation, production and in vitro effects of the major secondary metabolite produced by Trichoderma species used for the control of grapevine trunk diseases

Mutawila

Vinale²,

Halleen

et al. 2015

Plant Pathology

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Antibiosis has been shown to be an important mode of action by Trichoderma species used in the protection of grapevine pruning wounds from infection by trunk pathogens. The major active compound from Trichoderma isolates known to protect grapevine pruning wounds from trunk pathogen infection was isolated and identified. The compound, a 6-pentyl-a-pyrone (6PP), was found to be the major secondary metabolite, by quantity, which accumulated in the culture filtrate of T. harzianum isolate T77 and the two T. atroviride isolates UST1 and UST2. Benzimidazole resistant mutants generated from these isolates also produced 6PP as their main secondary metabolite, except for a mutant of T77 that had lost its ability to produce 6PP. The isolates UST1 and UST2 were co-cultured with the grapevine trunk pathogens Eutypa lata and Neofusicoccum parvum in a minimal defined medium and a grapevine cane-based medium (GCBM). Co-culturing UST1 with N. parvum induced 6PP production in the minimal defined medium and the GCBM. The production of 6PP by UST2 was induced in the GCBM, while co-culturing with the two trunk pathogens either reduced or had no effect on 6PP production. Mycelial growth and ascospore/conidia germination of E. lata, N. australe, N. parvum and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora were inhibited by 6PP in a concentration-dependent manner. The results show that the presence of N. parvum and grapevine wood elicits the production of 6PP, suggesting that this metabolite is involved in Trichoderma-pathogen interactions on grapevine pruning wounds.

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“…This combination treatment is possible, because USPP-MT1 is a benzimidazole resistant mutant obtained through gamma irradiation. 27 Following on site treatment, the graftlings were planted in a nursery field for rooting according to a randomized block design with 100 graftlings per treatment, replicated four times (less replications were done in this trial to alleviate the downstream analyses of plant material) and repeated over two seasons. The root zones of the treated plots, consisting of 100 graftlings, were drenched with 10 L of conidial suspension (1 × 10 6 CFU mL −1 ) of the respective Trichoderma products at monthly intervals for the first 3 months after planting.…”

Section: The Evaluation Of Different Methods Of Application Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Trichoderma species colonization of nursery grapevines for improved management of black foot disease

Jaarsveld

Halleen

Bester

et al. 2020

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND: Black foot disease (BFD) is one of the main fungal diseases associated with young grapevine decline. Trichoderma holds the potential to be used as biocontrol agent against this disease, though variable success of colonization were found when applied to nursery vines in previous studies. Therefore, field experiments were established to evaluate different methods of application of Trichoderma atroviride, and to evaluate the efficacy of different commercial Trichoderma products on BFD in nursery vines post callusing over two seasons. RESULTS: Only in one season of the trial evaluating different products did all of the Trichoderma treatments significantly lower the black foot infections in the rootstock bases of the vines (mean black foot pathogen incidence of 1.00 to 2.50% in Trichoderma treated vines versus 6.50% in the untreated control). When comparing tissue parts, the base of the vine and collar roots had significantly higher Trichoderma colonization than the middle and root tip parts. Significantly less BFD pathogens were isolated from the base in comparison to the roots. These colonization trends were found for both field trials over both seasons. The different application methods showed that dipping of basal ends in the dry formulation followed by monthly soil drenches consistently gave higher colonization [mean Trichoderma incidence in the bases were 39.20% (2016/2017) and 28.00% (2017/2018)], while the 1 h soak of the bases of vines was not effective [mean Trichoderma incidence in the bases were 8.80% (2016/2017) and 4.00% (2017/2018)] and did not differ from the untreated control. CONCLUSION: Even though Trichoderma spp. were not sufficient to prevent infections by BFD pathogens, a certain degree of protection was obtained in the basal ends, which may contribute to longevity of the vines once planted in the vineyard.

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Development of benzimidazole resistant Trichoderma strains for the integration of chemical and biocontrol methods of grapevine pruning wound protection

Cited by 23 publications

References 41 publications

Targeted Drug Delivery in Plants: Enzyme‐Responsive Lignin Nanocarriers for the Curative Treatment of the Worldwide Grapevine Trunk Disease Esca

Targeted Drug Delivery in Plants: Enzyme‐Responsive Lignin Nanocarriers for the Curative Treatment of the Worldwide Grapevine Trunk Disease Esca

Isolation, production and in vitro effects of the major secondary metabolite produced by Trichoderma species used for the control of grapevine trunk diseases

Investigation of Trichoderma species colonization of nursery grapevines for improved management of black foot disease

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