“…doi:10.1016/j.bios.2010.08.022 containing large amounts of carboxylate groups has been demonstrated on early reports (Fourest and Volesky, 1996;Haug, 1961). However, these considerable properties of the algal cells have not been studied comprehensively for biosensor applications, except a few reports about the usage of algal biomass as sensor component to detect toxic substances (Alpat et al, 2007;Chouteau et al, 2005;Frense et al, 1998;Lojou and Bianco, 2000;Podola et al, 2004;Shitanda et al, 2005).…”