Development of conductive hydrogels: from design mechanisms to frontier applications

Yang, Hong; Lin, Zening; Luo, Zirong; Jiang, Tao; Shang, Jianzhong; Yang, Yun

doi:10.1007/s42242-022-00208-0

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 176 publications

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“…In the present study, we incorporated CNF as a representative conductive nanofiller for the regulation of cell morphological changes of N2a cells. With the advantages of high sensitivity, fast response, ease of operation, and simplicity of analysis, a four-probe conductivity measurement technique was utilized to evaluate the electrical conductivity of the hydrogels. − Figure shows the electrical conductivity of all of the compositions. The pristine GelMA showed an intrinsic electrical conductivity of ∼0.21 mS/cm, which showed a conductivity similar to oxidized dextran blended 5% GelMA .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: 3D Bioprinting of GelMA-Based Cell-Laden Electroactive Bioinks for Nerve Conduits

Das,

Thimukonda Jegadeesan,

Basu

2024

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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Peripheral nerve injuries often result in substantial impairment of the neurostimulatory organs. While the autograft is still largely used as the "gold standard" clinical treatment option, nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) are currently considered a promising approach for promoting peripheral nerve regeneration. While several attempts have been made to construct NGCs using various biomaterial combinations, a comprehensive exploration of the process science associated with three-dimensional (3D) extrusion printing of NGCs with clinically relevant sizes (length: 20 mm; diameter: 2−8 mm), while focusing on tunable buildability using electroactive biomaterial inks, remains unexplored. In addressing this gap, we present here the results of the viscoelastic properties of a range of a multifunctional gelatin methacrylate (GelMA)/poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA)/carbon nanofiber (CNF)/gellan gum (GG) hydrogel bioink formulations and printability assessment using experiments and quantitative models. Our results clearly established the positive impact of the gellan gum on the enhancement of the rheological properties. Interestingly, the strategic incorporation of PEGDA as a secondary crosslinker led to a remarkable enhancement in the strength and modulus by 3 and 8-fold, respectively. Moreover, conductive CNF addition resulted in a 4-fold improvement in measured electrical conductivity. The use of four-component electroactive biomaterial ink allowed us to obtain high neural cell viability in 3D bioprinted constructs. While the conventionally cast scaffolds can support the differentiation of neuro-2a cells, the most important result has been the excellent cell viability of neural cells in 3D encapsulated structures. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the potential of 3D bioprinting and multimodal biophysical cues in developing functional yet critical-sized nerve conduits for peripheral nerve tissue regeneration.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: 3D Bioprinting of GelMA-Based Cell-Laden Electroactive Bioinks for Nerve Conduits

Das,

Thimukonda Jegadeesan,

Basu

2024

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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“…[29] The PANI@PP was then coated with a CNT layer (named PANI/CNT@PP) to improve the electrical conductivity, which is essential for reducing the ohmic loss during the energy generation process. [30,31] Thereafter, the PCP fabric was obtained by introducing a PVA layer on PANI/CNT@PP to improve the stability of the coating and resist the rapid movement of internal water. Finally, one end of the PCP fabric was immersed in a hydrophobic silicone resin solution to obtain the asymmetric APCP fabric with a hydrophobic region in one end.…”

Section: Structure and Wieg Performance Of Pcp And Apcpmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multifunctional Asymmetric Fabric for Sustained Electricity Generation from Multiple Sources and Simultaneous Solar Steam Generation

Sun

Zhang

et al. 2023

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Harvesting electrical energy from water and moisture has emerged as a novel ecofriendly energy conversion technology. Herein, a multifunctional asymmetric polyaniline/carbon nanotubes/poly(vinyl alcohol) (APCP) that can produce electric energy from both saline water and moisture and generate fresh water simultaneously is developed. The constructed APCP possesses a negatively charged porous structure that allows continuous generation of protons and ion diffusion through the material, and a hydrophilicity–hydrophobic interface which results in a constant potential difference and sustainable output. A single APCP can maintain stable output for over 130 h and preserve a high voltage of 0.61 V, current of 81 µA, and power density of 82.4 µW cm−3 with 0.15 cm3 unit size in the water‐induced electricity generation process. When harvesting moisture energy, the APCP creates dry‐wet asymmetries and triggers the spontaneous development of electrical double layer with a current density of 1.25 mA cm−3, sufficient to power small electronics. A device consisting of four APCP can generate stable electricity of 3.35 V and produce clean water with an evaporation rate of 2.06 kg m−2 h−1 simultaneously. This work provides insights into the fabrication of multifunctional fabrics for multisource energy harvesting and simultaneous solar steam generation.

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“…[37] According to their conduction mechanisms, conductive hydrogels can be divided into electronic and ionic-conductive hydrogels. [38][39][40] Owing to their high conductivity, stretchability, biocompatibility, and ease of fabrication, conductive hydrogels have become ideal for flexible sensors, especially stretchable and wearable pressure/strain sensors. [41][42][43] Hydrogel conductivity is a key factor in determining its sensing performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Mechanically Robust and Conductive‐Hydrogel‐Based Sensors

Fan

Kim

2023

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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Flexible electronic technology has developed rapidly in recent years, showing broad application prospects in motion monitoring, wearable devices, and personalized medicine. Consequently, the demand for high sensitivity and wide sensing range has gradually increased. Conductive hydrogels have high flexibility, excellent conductivity, and good biocompatibility, making them ideal candidates for fabricating flexible sensors. However, conductive hydrogels exhibit weak mechanical stability, which limits their applications. Therefore, sufficient mechanical properties and fatigue resistance are usually needed to fulfill their application requirements. Herein, the research frontiers of sensors based on mechanically robust conductive hydrogels are reviewed. While published papers always focus on the configuration design and application of sensors and the improvement of sensing performance, research on the network design of hydrogels and their effects on mechanical properties and sensing performance are limited. It is attempted in this review to fill this gap by focusing on the design principles of mechanically enhanced conductive hydrogels and their applications in flexible electronic devices. Herein, hydrogels’ structural designs, toughening mechanisms, mechanical properties, and sensing applications are discussed. The different working mechanisms of flexible sensors composed of tough conductive hydrogels and their applications are also reviewed. Finally, the future development directions and challenges in this field are highlighted.

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Development of conductive hydrogels: from design mechanisms to frontier applications

Cited by 19 publications

References 176 publications

Advancing Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: 3D Bioprinting of GelMA-Based Cell-Laden Electroactive Bioinks for Nerve Conduits

Advancing Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: 3D Bioprinting of GelMA-Based Cell-Laden Electroactive Bioinks for Nerve Conduits

A Multifunctional Asymmetric Fabric for Sustained Electricity Generation from Multiple Sources and Simultaneous Solar Steam Generation

Recent Progress in Mechanically Robust and Conductive‐Hydrogel‐Based Sensors

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