Development of Diesel Opacimeter for Real-Time Measurement of low Concentration Smoke

Saito, Keizo

doi:10.4271/881319

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…HC deposition and particle radius will be a function of fuel, engine design and type, nature of the exhaust gas dilution, and possibly speed and load within the same engine family. 23 Furthermore, the light extinction effects of a particle are a function of the particle's composition and ratio between the particle diameter and wavelength of the light source. Given that most diesel particles are in the submicron range, the particle diameter is of the same size order as the wavelength of the light source.…”

Section: Particulate Emissions and Opacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Measurements of Particulate Matter Emissions, Carbon Monoxide, and Exhaust Opacity from Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles

Clark

Jarrett

Atkinson

1999

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Diesel particulate matter (PM) is a significant contributor to ambient air PM 10 and PM 2.5 particulate levels. In addition, recent literature argues that submicron diesel PM is a pulmonary health hazard. There is difficulty in attributing PM emissions to specific operating modes of a diesel engine, although it is acknowledged that PM production rises dramatically with load and that high PM emissions occur during rapid load increases on turbocharged engines. Snap-acceleration tests generally identify PM associated with rapid transient operating conditions, but not with high load. To quantify the origin of PM during transient engine operation, continuous opacity measurements have been made using a Wager 650CP full flow exhaust opacity meter. Opacity measurements were taken while the vehicles were operated over transient driving cycles on a chassis dynamometer using the West Virginia University (WVU) Transportable Heavy Duty Vehicle Emissions Testing Laboratories. Data were gathered from Detroit Diesel, Cummins, Caterpillar, and Navistar heavy-duty (HD) diesel engines. Driving cycles used were the Central Business District (CBD) cycle, the WVU 5-Peak Truck cycle, the WVU 5-Mile route, and the New IMPLICATIONS Data comparing integrated opacity and integrated PM mass over a transient diesel chassis test cycle have shown a poor correlation between the two measurements. This implies that opacity measurements may not prove to be a precise tool for identifying high PM emitters. Also, in developing models to describe instantaneous mass emissions of PM from a vehicle, it would be unwise to proportion the measured PM mass over the cycle with respect to opacity readings. There is a stronger correlation between CO and PM measurements for the case of a specific vehicle. Therefore, instantaneous CO readings may be used to proportion PM over a cycle to yield an instantaneous PM value. Even though this method may be undesirably inaccurate, it is the only tool presently available to create continuous PM data for inventory modeling using existing databases.

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Section: Particulate Emissions and Opacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Measurements of Particulate Matter Emissions, Carbon Monoxide, and Exhaust Opacity from Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles

Clark

Jarrett

Atkinson

1999

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…An additional hypothesis was that the total PM might be proportioned over the cycle with respect to continuous opacity, measured with an instantaneous light extinction detector at the vehicle exhaust. Several studies have attempted to correlate diesel particulate emissions with measurements using opacity or smoke meters [23][24][25][26], but they have attempted to predict PM a priori from opacity, rather than use opacity for proportioning the total PM mass over a single test from a specific vehicle. In addition, the role of hydrocarbons in relating carbon particulate, total PM mass, and opacity has been considered previously [25].…”

Section: Chapter 2: Objectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of opacity, particulate matter, and carbon monoxide from heavy-duty diesel transient chassis tests

Jarrett¹

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particulate levels. In addition, recent literature argues that sub-micron diesel PM is a pulmonary health hazard. There is difficulty in attributing PM emissions to specific operating modes of a diesel engine, although it is acknowledged that PM production rises dramatically with load and that high PM emissions occur during rapid load increases on turbocharged engines. Stringent regulations now limit PM emissions at the manufacturing level, but do not govern in use PM emissions. Many states have established roadside snap-acceleration tests accompanied with peak opacity readings to identify high PM emitting diesel engines. The accuracy of this testing method to quantify PM is in question, casting doubt on their validity as a basis for regulation. To evaluate snap-acceleration/opacity testing, the West Virginia University (WVU) Transportable Heavy Duty Vehicle Emission Testing Laboratories were used to collect emission and opacity data from vehicles exercised on a chassis dynamometer. The primary data for this research were obtained from a fleet of 1996 New Flyer buses in Flint, Michigan, equipped with electronically controlled Detroit Diesel Series 50 engines, with additional data from Cummins, Caterpillar, and Navistar heavy-duty diesel engines. In addition to snap-acceleration tests, the research. His cynical wit provided a humorous guide to questioning everything. With that being said, I question his wisdom in funding me towards a Ph.D. and mine in pursuing it. v I thank Chris Atkinson for his persistence and insistence to consistency and detail, Mridul Gautam for his unconditional support, and Tom (TR) Long for his friendly guidance throughout this ordeal. Thanks also goes out to Debbie Willis, Jean Kopasko, Marilyn Host, and Fern Wood for their tireless work in keeping the department running. Then there are my friends who have supported and encouraged me every step of the way. My dearest friend, Helen, who's confidence and faith in me helped to keep me going, and to her husband, David and mother, Jan, who's additional confidence made me think that Helen's might not be unfounded. Thanks to Patti and Richard, Bruce and Janis, June and Denise, and also Susan. Much thanks also goes to Wendy to whom I'm greatly indebted. And finally to Sara, who came into my life in the middle of all this and has stuck with me throughout. Thank you all for being such dear friends. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS

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Evaluation of Methods for Determining Continuous Particulate Matter from Transient Testing of Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines

Jarrett¹,

Clark²

2001

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Development of Diesel Opacimeter for Real-Time Measurement of low Concentration Smoke

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Field Measurements of Particulate Matter Emissions, Carbon Monoxide, and Exhaust Opacity from Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles

Field Measurements of Particulate Matter Emissions, Carbon Monoxide, and Exhaust Opacity from Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles

Evaluation of opacity, particulate matter, and carbon monoxide from heavy-duty diesel transient chassis tests

Evaluation of Methods for Determining Continuous Particulate Matter from Transient Testing of Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines

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