Development of durable carbon black/titanium dioxide supported macrocycle catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction

Highly active electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction from carbon-supported copper-phthalocyanine synthesized by high temperature treatment

“…After that, the current density greatly increased with increasing the temperature from about 600 to 800 C and started to fall with further increasing the temperature to 900 C. This trend suggests that a large number of ORR active sites of CuPc/C catalyst may be formed in the temperature range of 600e800 C. According to some literature [12,33,34], it can be inferred that the active sites may be the combination of CueN 4 and/or CueN 2 structures and nitrogen-modified carbon structures (graphitic or pyridinic nitrogen). However, with a further increase in temperature above 800 C, the active sites start to decompose into metallic Cu or Cu carbide which is not helpful to improve the activity, resulting in a less active catalyst.…”

Highly stable Pt and PtPd hybrid catalysts supported on a nitrogen-modified carbon composite for fuel cell application

“…It is evident that the amount of H 2 O 2 produced on the NMCC during the oxygen reduction is much lower than that on the carbon black. The H 2 O 2 is corrosive toward the carbon materials and is able to cause the oxidative destruction of the active sites and the defect sites in the fuel cell catalysts and supports [31,32]. Fig.…”

Development of catalytically active and highly stable catalyst supports for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

“…The formation of H 2 O 2 is detrimental to the Nafion ® membrane and the ionomer in PEM fuel cells[75]. Studies carried out by Sethuraman et al[74] and Stamenkovic et al[76] correlate the % H 2 O 2 production to the number of electron transferred during ORR in acid electrolytes.…”