Development of Eco-friendly Soy Protein Isolate Films with High Mechanical Properties through HNTs, PVA, and PTGE Synergism Effect

Abstract

This study was to develop novel soy protein isolate-based films for packaging using halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA), and 1,2,3-propanetriol-diglycidyl-ether (PTGE). The structural, crystallinity, opacity, micromorphology, and thermal stability of the resultant SPI/HNTs/PVA/PTGE film were analyzed by the Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transformed infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). The SPI/HNTs/PVA/PTGE film illustrated that HNTs were uniformly dispersed in the SPI matrix and the thermal stability of the film was enhanced. Furthermore, the tensile strength (TS) of the SPI/HNTs/PVA/PTGE film was increased by 329.3% and the elongation at the break (EB) remained unchanged. The water absorption (WA) and the moisture content (MC) were decreased by 5.1% and 10.4%, respectively, compared to the unmodified film. The results highlighted the synergistic effects of SPI, HNTs, PVA, and PTGE on the mechanical properties, water resistance, and thermal stability of SPI films, which showed excellent strength and flexibility. In short, SPI films prepared from HNTs, PVA, and PTGE showed considerable potential as packaging materials.

Improvement of water barrier properties of soybean protein isolate films by poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) thin coating

“…SPI films showed a characteristic WVP value for protein materials. 45 But the formation of a bilayer films using PHB caused a significant decrease in this property. Although no significant differences were observed between the WVP of the bilayer films, there seems to be a tendency to decrease this value by increasing the concentration of PHB in the formulation.…”

Simultaneously Toughening and Strengthening Soy Protein Isolate-Based Composites via Carboxymethylated Chitosan and Halloysite Nanotube Hybridization

“…With the addition of glycerol, the SPI-based films obtained are flexible and they present good mechanical properties. The use of glycerol to break the intermolecular linkage that stabilizes the proteins in their primitive structures makes the protein chains mobile [ 12 , 13 ]. Compared to Film a, the TS of Film b increased from 5.39 to 7.16 MPa, an increase of 32.84% ( p > 0.05).…”

“…The mechanical properties of the SPI-based films were determined with a tensile testing machine (WDW3020, Beijing, China) according to the standard of ISO527-3:1995(E) [ 12 ]. Each sample (10 × 80 mm 2 ) was tested with a speed of 20 mm min −1 at room temperature.…”

“…In terms of potential applications as green, environmentally friendly composites, biocompatibility and high mechanical strength are critical factors for a given packaging film. Several researchers have explored 1,2,3-propanetriol-diglycidyl-ether (PTGE), a novel and biocompatible cross-linking agent, for this purpose [ 11 , 12 ]. The tensile strength (TS) of film crosslinked by PTGE was increased by 197% in one of the previous studies, but the elongation at break (EB) was reduced by 67% due to the cross-linkage effect [ 11 ].…”

ZnSe Nanoparticles Reinforced Biopolymeric Soy Protein Isolate Film

“…Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [7], chitin whiskers [8], layered silicate [9][10][11], carbon nanoparticles [12] and silica nanoparticles [13] have been explored as reinforcement materials for SPI. In addition to single composite SPI film, Liu et al has incorporated chitosan and halloysite nanotubes in SPI to fabricate eco-friendly hybrid composite SPI film with high tensile strength [14]. Bionanocrystal in form of starch and cellulose nanocrystal as well as citric acid-modified starch nanoparticles have been incorporated in SPI [15][16][17].…”