Development of effective connectivity in the core network for face perception

He, Wei; Garrido, Marta I.; Sowman, Paul F.; Brock, Jon; Johnson, Blake W.

doi:10.1002/hbm.22762

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 99 publications

(176 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, that the reading‐related ventral activations have the same topography in blind and sighted subjects suggests that connections with language may be critical and may serve as powerful constraints in determining the standard location of the VWFA even in the absence of visual input. Lastly, recent findings of more effective interhemispheric connectivity between the posterior cortex in children aged (mean) 4.5 years than in adults is also consistent with the hypothesis that there are changes in network properties that occur over development around the time that children are entering school and being exposed to orthography …”

Section: Predictions and Further Evidencesupporting

confidence: 75%

A vision of graded hemispheric specialization

Behrmann

Plaut

2015

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

133

113

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Understanding the process by which the cerebral hemispheres reach their mature functional organization remains challenging. We propose a theoretical account in which, in the domain of vision, faces and words come to be represented adjacent to retinotopic cortex by virtue of the need to discriminate among homogeneous exemplars. Orthographic representations are further constrained to be proximal to typically left--lateralized language--related information to minimize connectivity length between visual and language areas. As reading is acquired, orthography comes to rely more heavily (albeit not exclusively) on the left fusiform region to bridge between vision and language. Consequently, due to competition from emerging word representations, face representations that were initially bilateral become lateralized to the right fusiform region (albeit, again, not exclusively). We review recent research that describes constraints that give rise to this graded hemispheric arrangement. We then summarize empirical evidence from a variety of studies (behavioral, evoked response potential, functional imaging) across different populations (children, adolescents and adults, left--handers and individuals with developmental dyslexia) that supports the claims that hemispheric lateralization is graded rather than binary and that this graded organization emerges dynamically over the course of development. Perturbations of this system either during development or in adulthood provide further insights into the principles governing hemispheric organization.

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Section: Predictions and Further Evidencesupporting

confidence: 75%

A vision of graded hemispheric specialization

Behrmann

Plaut

2015

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

133

113

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“…Regarding with the intra-area connection, the occipital visual cortex is believed to be part of the core face network and important for face feature detection (Pitcher et al, 2011 ; Arcurio et al, 2012 ; Joseph et al, 2012 ). Previous studies also found that the OFA/FFA connectivity in the occipital area increased with age (He et al, 2015 ; Song et al, 2015 ). Thus, although fNIRS is unable to reach the depth of OFA/FFA, the increased connectivity inside the occipital area indicated that children become more sensitive to the face features with increased age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Development of Effective Connectivity during Own- and Other-Race Face Processing: A Granger Causality Analysis

Zhou

Liu

Ding

et al. 2016

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Numerous developmental studies have suggested that other-race effect (ORE) in face recognition emerges as early as in infancy and develops steadily throughout childhood. However, there is very limited research on the neural mechanisms underlying this developmental ORE. The present study used Granger causality analysis (GCA) to examine the development of children's cortical networks in processing own- and other-race faces. Children were between 3 and 13 years. An old-new paradigm was used to assess their own- and other-race face recognition with ETG-4000 (Hitachi Medical Co., Japan) acquiring functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data. After preprocessing, for each participant and under each face condition, we obtained the causal map by calculating the weights of causal relations between the time courses of [oxy-Hb] of each pair of channels using GCA. To investigate further the differential causal connectivity for own-race faces and other-race faces at the group level, a repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on the GCA weights for each pair of channels with the face race task (own-race face vs. other-race face) as the within-subject variable and the age as a between-subject factor (continuous variable). We found an age-related increase in functional connectivity, paralleling a similar age-related improvement in behavioral face processing ability. More importantly, we found that the significant differences in neural functional connectivity between the recognition of own-race faces and that of other-race faces were modulated by age. Thus, like the behavioral ORE, the neural ORE emerges early and undergoes a protracted developmental course.

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“…Specifically, children at both ages exhibited weaker connectivity between the inferior occipital gyrus (IOG) and the FG, and no significant connectivity between the IOG and STS (see Figure (a)). Findings in even younger children between 3 and 6 years of age have also alluded to the presence of additional connectivity between the OFA and the contralateral FFA—connections that are likely eliminated alongside a reorganization of brain function during development …”

Section: Developing An Expertise For Processing Facesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional development of the brain's face‐processing system

Haist

Anzures

2016

WIRES Cognitive Science

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In the first 20 years of life, the human brain undergoes tremendous growth in size, weight, and synaptic connectedness. Over the same time period, a person achieves remarkable transformations in perception, thought, and behavior. One important area of development is face processing ability, or the ability to quickly and accurately extract extensive information about a person’s identity, emotional state, attractiveness, intention, and numerous other types of information that are crucial to everyday social interaction and communication. Associating particular brain changes with specific behavioral and intellectual developments has historically been a serious challenge for researchers. Fortunately, modern neuroimaging is dramatically advancing our ability to make associations between morphological and behavioral developments. In this article, we demonstrate how neuroimaging has revolutionized our understanding of the development of face processing ability to show that this essential perceptual and cognitive skill matures consistently yet slowly over the first two decades of life. In this manner, face processing is a model system of many areas of complex cognitive development.

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Development of effective connectivity in the core network for face perception

Cited by 24 publications

References 99 publications

A vision of graded hemispheric specialization

A vision of graded hemispheric specialization

Development of Effective Connectivity during Own- and Other-Race Face Processing: A Granger Causality Analysis

Functional development of the brain's face‐processing system

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