Development of electrically conductive microstructures based on polymer/CNT nanocomposites via two-photon polymerization

Staudinger, Ulrike; Zyla, Gordon; Krause, Beate; Janke, Andreas; Fischer, Dieter; Esen, Cemal; Voit, Brigitte; Ostendorf, Andreas

doi:10.1016/j.mee.2017.04.024

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…As we introduced above, CNT composites can show reasonable conductivity as a result of the network generated by the dispersed nanotubes. Staudinger et al used a dispersion of SW‐CNT in the commercial photoresist Femtobond 4B to obtain a conductivity of 9.1 S m −1 at a concentration of 0.05% . Similarly, the Lu group, obtained a conductivity of 46.8 S m −1 for the aforementioned dispersion of MW‐CNT in an homemade acrylic‐thiol resin (with a concentration of 0.2%) .…”

Section: Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Materials for Two‐Photon Polymerization in Microfabrication

Carlotti

Mattoli

2019

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176

126

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The creation of 3D micro and nanostructures is of particular interest in the fields of photonics, [3] microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), [4] metamaterials, [5] micro/ nanofluidics, [6] cellular proliferation, and differentiation. [7] To create 3D objects of arbitrary shape, 3D printing techniques offer many versatile solutions. [8] Among these, direct laser writing (DLW) allows for the simple preparation of (sub)micrometric objects and patterns with a resolution that can go below 100 nm. [9][10][11] DLW is an additive manufacturing technique based on twophoton polymerization (2PP). To produce a structure, a fs-pulsed long-wavelength laser is focused, by means of optical elements, in a photosensitive resin which is able to crosslink (negative photoresist) or decompose (positive photoresist) under an energetic radiation but that is also transparent at the laser wavelength: if the intensity of the excitation radiation is high enough-as it is the case in the focus-the resin can undergo two (or more)-photon absorption and polymerize (or decompose). [12] Such multiphotons absorption phenomena are nonlinear and the cross-section of the different materials scales with the square (or higher) of the intensity of the radiation. For these reasons, the laser beam can enter the photoresist without being absorbed and trigger the photochemical process(es) only in a small volume around the focus. This volume is named "voxel" being the 3D analogue of a 2D pixel. [13] The absorption probability outside of the voxel is small, thus suppressing the propagation of the reaction and resulting in fine resolution. By moving around the voxel, one can obtain complex 3D structures that can be isolated after developing. [14,15] More than two decades have passed since DLW was proposed [16] and much progress has been made in terms of improving feature size and resolution, [9,[17][18][19][20][21] enlarging the library of materials that can be used, [22][23][24][25] and the possible applications of these finely controlled structures. [6,[25][26][27][28] The research on functional materials-here intended as materials that can be employed in 2PP and show peculiar features that encourage their use in particular applications-has propelled the field of micro/nanostructuring forward by promoting the interdisciplinarity between chemistry, physics, biology, and material science. [26] In this review, we will summarize and critically discuss the different functional materials proposed in the literature, dividing them and confronting them according to their preparation and their application (Figure 1; Table 1). We start the main body discussing the properties and applications of nanocomposite resists used in 2PP. In the second part, Direct laser writing methods based on two-photon polymerization (2PP) are powerful tools for the on-demand printing of precise and complex 3D architectures at the micro and nanometer scale. While much progress was made to increase the resolution and the feature size throughout the years, by carefully designing a material, one...

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Section: Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Materials for Two‐Photon Polymerization in Microfabrication

Carlotti

Mattoli

2019

Small

176

126

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“…122 Thanks to the enhanced shape integrity and mechanical resistance provided by the alignment of the CNTs, large, complex and/or challenging 3D-structures could be fabricated (figure 3Idꟷe). Finally, the good electrical conductivity of the CNT-polymer composite, 46.8 S m -1 with a 0.3 wt% MWCNT loading (much higher than values obtained in other reports 129 ), motivated its use for the fabrication of micro-scale devices such as capacitor and resistors.…”

Section: Hybrid Materials Based On Carbon Nanotubes (Cnts)mentioning

confidence: 83%

Hierarchical ordering in light-triggered additive manufacturing

Monti

Blasco

2020

Polym. Chem.

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“…Therefore, magnetism can be incorporated to final structures without further modifications. Conductive photoresists have also been developed recently by Staudinger et al by dispersing single‐walled carbon nanotubes into matrix polymer . It is worth noting that these functional composites should be carefully optimized to achieve preferably stable, dispersible, and photopolymerizable properties.…”

Section: Treatments Of Two‐photon Polymerization For Remotely Driven mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructures Fabricated by Two‐Photon Polymerization and Their Remote Manipulation Techniques: Toward 3D Printing of Micromachines

Lin

2018

Advanced Optical Materials

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As a promising microfabrication method, two-photon polymerization (TPP) underwent a rapid development for various applications in chemistry, biology, pharmaceuticals, microfluidics, and so forth. In recent years, the method has received particular attention because of its application for micromachines, including those requiring remote manipulation. Different manipulating techniques such as magnetic, optic, and acoustic manipulation are realized on TPP-fabricated microstructures, demonstrating the great potential for further development of micromachines. Nonetheless, most of the work is still at early stages, only proofing conceptual ideas. For instance, magnetically driven microswimmers are only investigated in artificial experimental environments, and it is still challenging to tackle complex in vivo conditions. Although a long journey is still ahead for using these micromachines in daily life, it is predictable that the combination of two-photon polymerization associated with remotely driven techniques will benefit various fields. Remotely Driven Micromachines

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Development of electrically conductive microstructures based on polymer/CNT nanocomposites via two-photon polymerization

Cited by 30 publications

References 32 publications

Functional Materials for Two‐Photon Polymerization in Microfabrication

Functional Materials for Two‐Photon Polymerization in Microfabrication

Hierarchical ordering in light-triggered additive manufacturing

Microstructures Fabricated by Two‐Photon Polymerization and Their Remote Manipulation Techniques: Toward 3D Printing of Micromachines

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