Development of fast Fourier transform continuous cyclic voltammetry at Au microelectrode in flowing solutions as a novel method for sub-nanomolar monitoring of lidocaine in injection and biological fluids

Norouzi, Parviz; Daneshgar, Parandis; Dinarvand, Rasoul; Moosavi-Movahedi, Ali Akbar; Saboury, Ali Akbar

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2007.03.019

Cited by 29 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Norouzi and coworkers [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] reported a detection method by using flowing systems CV to monitor the adsorption of several inorganic and organic molecules onto Au electrode. Similarly, using FFT-SWV technique, these current responses (in response to an alternating potential) can be examined to determine the time-dependence of the change in the current response due to analyte adsorption.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a Continuous Square-Wave Potential Program for Sub Nano Molar Determination of Ketotifen

Daneshgar

Norouzi

2009

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

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117Ketotifen fumarate [KTF; 10H-benzo(4,5)cyclohepta(1,2-b) thiophen-10-one, 4,9-dihydro-4-(1-methyl-4-piperidinylidene)-(E)-2-butenedioate] is a nonspecific, oral mast cell stabilizer. Its main biochemical pharmacological activities are H receptor antagonism, phosphodiesterase inhibition and inhibition of calcium flux in smooth muscle preparations.1) It is applied to prevent the development of allergic conjunctivitis 2,3) asthma 4,5) and even showed an anti-wrinkle effect. 6)Asthma is a substantial health problem among children and adults worldwide, with high and increasing prevalence rates in many countries. More than 7% of Iranian children (4 million) are suffering from asthma according to the first National Asthma Prevalence Study. Oral salbutamol, aminophylline and ketotifen have been commonly used for asthma management. Ketotifen is one of the rare drugs that has been extensively used and shown safe in children. Ketotifen is an antihistamine. Histamine can produce allergy symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, and watery eyes. Ketotifen is used to treat itching of the eyes caused by allergy to dust, pollen, animals and other allergens. For determination of ketotifen several methods such as ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometry, 7,8) high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), 9) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 10) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) 11) has been used. The combination of microelectrode (ME) with squarewave voltammetry (SWV) has recently been shown advantageous for environmental detection of several compounds.12)The adaptation of this technology to adsorptive stripping voltammetry (ASV) of ketotifen on a gold ME could provide a substantial improvement for rapid analysis. 13,14) This paper describes a fundamentally different approach to SWV measurement, in which the detection limits are improved, while preserving the information content of the SW voltammogram. The approach is designed to separate the voltammetric signal and background signal in frequency domain by using discrete fast Fourier transformation (FFT) method. Further improvement in the signal was gained by two-dimensional integration of the electrode response over a selected potential range and time window of the signal. Although at sufficiently high scan rates cyclic voltammetry (CV) can approximate an ac voltammetric technique and can be used to investigate electrode surface phenomena such as physical adsorption, FFT-SWV may be a more appropriate technique for monitoring analyte adsorption, since the potential dependence of analyte adsorption may be more clearly characterized. SWV measures the current response while rapid alternating potentials are applied during a staircase scan whereas cyclic voltammetry which uses a forward and reverse linear dc scan is not sensitive to the potential dependence of changes that occur in the double layer. ExperimentalReagents All solutions were prepared in double-distilled water using analytical-grade reagents. Reagents in use in preparation of the stock ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a Continuous Square-Wave Potential Program for Sub Nano Molar Determination of Ketotifen

Daneshgar

Norouzi

2009

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

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“…This digital filtration provides condition that can be used for very high potential scan rates on working electrode for electrochemical measurement in flowing solution. Figure 1 shows an example for FFT filtration for fast cyclic voltammetric measurement (Norouzi et al 2007). In this method at the beginning, a CV of the electrode was recorded (see Fig.…”

Section: Application Of Fft In Cyclic Potential Sweep Voltammetry Basmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This kind of filtration and also current integration significantly reduces the noise level in the obtained data. The EC measurement based on the FFTdigital filters is widely used by Norouzi group for determination of several organic compounds and drugs such as; Diphenhydramine (Norouzi et al 2010 b), Lidocaine (Norouzi at al. 2007), Methyldopa ), and Salbutamol (Ganjali et al 2005).…”

Section: Application Of Fft In Cyclic Potential Sweep Voltammetry Basmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Fast Fourier Transforms in Some Advanced Electroanalytical Methods

Norouzi¹,

Pirali-Hamedani²,

Garakani³

et al. 2011

Fourier Transforms - New Analytical Approaches and FTIR Strategies

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“…By taking such points into consideration, in order to achieve maximum performance of the detector, the effect of experimental parameters (such as pH of the supporting electrolyte, potential and time of the accumulation and potential scan rate) must be examined and optimized. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] …”

Section: Data Acquisition and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Adsorptive Voltammetry for the Detection of Sub-nano Molar Cyclizine in Biological Fluids and Tablets Using Fast Fourier Transform Continuous Cyclic Voltammetry in a Flowing System

et al. 2009

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An easy and fast Fourier transform continuous cyclic voltammetric technique (FFTCV) for monitoring of ultra trace amounts of cyclizine in a flow-injection system has been introduced in this work. The potential waveform, which was applied continuously on an Au disk microelectrode (12.5 mm in radius) consisted of the potential steps for cleaning, accumulation and potential ramp. The proposed detection method has some advantages, the greatest of which are as follows: first, it is no longer necessary to remove oxygen from the analyte solution and second, this is a very fast and appropriate technique for determination of the drug compound in a wide variety of chromatographic analysis methods. The detection limit for cyclizine was 1.8 ng ml -1 . The relative standard deviation (RSD) of the proposed technique at 5.0 ¥ 10 -7 was 2.0 for 10 runs. The influences of pH of eluent, accumulation potential, sweep rate, and accumulation time on the determination of the cyclizine were considered. The proposed method was applied to the determination of cyclizine in a pharmaceutical preparation.

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Development of fast Fourier transform continuous cyclic voltammetry at Au microelectrode in flowing solutions as a novel method for sub-nanomolar monitoring of lidocaine in injection and biological fluids

Cited by 29 publications

References 31 publications

Application of a Continuous Square-Wave Potential Program for Sub Nano Molar Determination of Ketotifen

Application of a Continuous Square-Wave Potential Program for Sub Nano Molar Determination of Ketotifen

Application of Fast Fourier Transforms in Some Advanced Electroanalytical Methods

Application of Adsorptive Voltammetry for the Detection of Sub-nano Molar Cyclizine in Biological Fluids and Tablets Using Fast Fourier Transform Continuous Cyclic Voltammetry in a Flowing System

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