Development of fish peritoneal macrophages as a model for higher vertebrates in immunotoxicological studies I. Characterization of trout macrophage morphological, functional, and biochemical properties

Growth hormone as an in vitro phagocyte-activating factor in the gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata )

“…Rainbow trout macrophages, incubated with supernatants from ConA-stimulated leucocytes, also showed an increased spreading (Secombes 1987). In a similar manner, differences in surface morphology have been reported between resident and activated rainbow trout macrophages (Zelikoff et al 1991). In our experiment, cell spreading was evaluated on the basis of cell size (light microscopy) and morphology (SEM), both showing a clear stimulatory effect of GH priming.…”

Migratory, respiratory burst and mitogenic responses of leucocytes isolated from the gills of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

“…The production of O 2 during the respiratory burst induced by PMA is a characteristic of phagocytic cells: neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages (Nash et al, 1987;Secombes et al, 1988;Zeliko# et al, 1991;Secombes & Fletcher, 1992;Secombes, 1994). It is to be expected that such an exposed and delicate organ as the gill would be well equipped with phagocytic cells, and such cells were identified morphologically and histochemically in the crude gill cell suspension (Lin et al, 1998), and in the Percoll top cell fraction.…”

Distribution of intravenously and perorally administeredAeromonas salmonicidalipopolysaccharide in Atlantic salmon,Salmo salarL.

“…The immune response to this molecule has been investigated in fish (Ingram et al, 1980;Bøgwald et al, 1991Bøgwald et al, , 1992. In addition, LPS may stimulate leukocytes in vitro (Clem et al, 1985;Zeliko# et al, 1991;Secombes, 1994;Solem et al, 1995). Recently, the uptake and fate of orally administered E. coli LPS was studied in the brown trout (Salmo trutta) (O'Donnell et al, 1994).…”