Development of flower buds in the Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) from late autumn to early spring

Saito, Takanori; Tuấn, Phạm Anh; Katsumi-Horigane, Akemi; Bai, Songling; Ito, Akiko; Sekiyama, Yasuyo; Ono, Hiroshi; Moriguchi, Takaya

doi:10.1093/treephys/tpv043

Cited by 37 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The external morphology then changed. This process is similar to that of Pyrus pyrifolia [14,34], Prunus persica [35], and Prunus armeniaca [36]. It is worth noting that part of the flower buds of 'Changchun' do not undergo a long dormancy process after reproductive transformation in summer, but only show a short dormancy-like process and then rapidly expand and flower.…”

Section: Flowering Initiation Is An Important Stage During 'Changchunsupporting

confidence: 55%

A New Insight into Flowering Regulation: Molecular Basis of Flowering Initiation in Magnolia × soulangeana ‘Changchun’

Jiang

Sun

Wei

et al. 2019

Genes

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Magnolia × soulangeana 'Changchun' are trees that bloom in spring and summer respectively after flower bud differentiation. Here, we use phenological and morphological observation and RNA-seq technology to study the molecular basis of flowering initiation in 'Changchun'. During the process of flowering initiation in spring and summer, the growth of expanded flower buds increased significantly, and their shape was obviously enlarged, which indicated that flowering was initiated. A total of 168,120 expressed genes were identified in spring and summer dormant and expanded flower buds, of which 11,687 genes showed significantly differential expression between spring and summer dormant and expanded flower buds. These differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly involved in plant hormone signal transduction, metabolic processes, cellular components, binding, and catalytic activity. Analysis of differential gene expression patterns revealed that gibberellin signaling, and some transcription factors were closely involved in the regulation of spring and summer flowering initiation in 'Changchun'. A qRT-PCR (quantitative Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction) analysis showed that BGISEQ-500 sequencing platform could truly reflect gene expression patterns. It also verified that GID1B (GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF1 B), GID1C, SPL8 (SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 8), and GASA (GIBBERELLIC ACID-STIMULATED ARABIDOPSIS) family genes were expressed at high levels, while the expression of SPY (SPINDLY) was low during spring and summer flowering initiation. Meanwhile, the up-and down-regulated expression of, respectively, AGL6 (AGAMOUS-LIKE 6) and DREB3 (DEHYDRATION-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN 3), AG15, and CDF1 (CYCLIC DOF FACTOR 1) might also be involved in the specific regulation of spring and summer flowering initiation. Obviously, flowering initiation is an important stage of the flowering process in woody plants, involving the specific regulation of relevant genes and transcription factors. This study provides a new perspective for the regulation of the flowering process in perennial woody plants.Genes 2020, 11, 15 2 of 18 Using Solexa/Illumina sequencing platform, researchers have identified almost all transcripts involved in flowering from the vegetative and flower buds in Dimocarpus longan, including putative homologues of DELLA protein, LFY (LEAFY), SOC1 (SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO1) [2]. Meanwhile, compared to the apical meristem of vegetative growth, gibberellin 3 beta-hydroxylase 2 and LFY were both expressed higher in early flowering, indicated that GA pathway may be related to the early flowering of Angelica sinensis [3]. By comparing the differences in transcript expression levels between flowering and non-flowering Moso bamboo samples at different flowering developmental stages, researchers found that GAMYB, GID1 (GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF1), and GID2 were significantly up-regulated, while DELLA protein was down-regulated, and believed that bamboo flowering was associated with gibbere...

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Section: Flowering Initiation Is An Important Stage During 'Changchunsupporting

confidence: 55%

A New Insight into Flowering Regulation: Molecular Basis of Flowering Initiation in Magnolia × soulangeana ‘Changchun’

Jiang

Sun

Wei

et al. 2019

Genes

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“…Leaves act as the source organ and photosynthesize, which is the main supply of starch and sucrose for plant growth and flower nutrition. Before the formation of flower bud, flower formation depends on carbohydrate reallocation from leaves (Lieth and Pasian, 1991;Mao et al, 2017;Nanda et al, 1995;Saito et al, 2015,). Therefore, the initiation of flower buds as the sink organ for biomass produced by leaves was delayed under shading treatments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the Relationship between Floral Initiation and Source–Sink Dynamics of Tomato Seedlings Affected by Changes in Shading and Nutrients

Wang¹,

Gui²,

Zhao³

et al. 2020

horts

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Floral initiation is an important transition point from vegetative growth to reproductive growth in tomatoes and is known to be affected by light intensity, temperature, and nutrients. However, the regulation between flower formation and environmental factors, including nutrient conditions, due to source–sink dynamics (supply and demand of photoassimilates) is seldom documented. To evaluate the effects of light intensity and nutrition conditions on prefloral formation and development, dynamic floral characteristics during development were fitted with sigmoidal logistic curves under four light treatments with shading nets in two nutrient conditions. Source activity and sink strength were altered, which caused differences in the floral positions, length of floral shoots, floral initiation dates, and leaf numbers under the different treatments. Accumulated light acts upstream of nutrition supply during the formation of buds and leads to the accumulation of carbohydrates in source organs. Leaf area reached ≈500 cm2, and dry matter weights reached ≈3 g in each treatment until the flowering day, revealing that some level of photoassimilates are necessary for floral initiation. Both days to flowering and bud number were highly correlated with daily light integral (DLI) from 6 to 12 days before anthesis, which means this period is important for anthesis in tomato. Our results highlight regulation of the transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth by tomato seedlings due to environmental factors and nutrients. A better understanding of communication between source organs and sink organs during floral initiation response to different environments is expected to provide management strategies for greenhouse tomato production.

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“…TIP1 and TIP2 are preferentially associated with the large lytic vacuoles and vacuoles accumulating vegetative storage proteins, respectively (Gattolin et al, 2009). Moreover, intensive expression of TIP and PIP genes during cell expansion has been observed in numerous plant species (e.g., O'Brien et al, 2002; Liu et al, 2008; Saito et al, 2015). Up-regulation of aquaporin genes in L. luteus FNAB and FPNAB is probably associated with cell expansion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

De novo Transcriptome Profiling of Flowers, Flower Pedicels and Pods of Lupinus luteus (Yellow Lupine) Reveals Complex Expression Changes during Organ Abscission

et al. 2017

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Yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L., Taper c.), a member of the legume family (Fabaceae L.), has an enormous practical importance. Its excessive flower and pod abscission represents an economic drawback, as proper flower and seed formation and development is crucial for the plant's productivity. Generative organ detachment takes place at the basis of the pedicels, within a specialized group of cells collectively known as the abscission zone (AZ). During plant growth these cells become competent to respond to specific signals that trigger separation and lead to the abolition of cell wall adhesion. Little is known about the molecular network controlling the yellow lupine organ abscission. The aim of our study was to establish the divergences and similarities in transcriptional networks in the pods, flowers and flower pedicels abscised or maintained on the plant, and to identify genes playing key roles in generative organ abscission in yellow lupine. Based on de novo transcriptome assembly, we identified 166,473 unigenes representing 219,514 assembled unique transcripts from flowers, flower pedicels and pods undergoing abscission and from control organs. Comparison of the cDNA libraries from dropped and control organs helped in identifying 1,343, 2,933 and 1,491 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the flowers, flower pedicels and pods, respectively. In DEG analyses, we focused on genes involved in phytohormonal regulation, cell wall functioning and metabolic pathways. Our results indicate that auxin, ethylene and gibberellins are some of the main factors engaged in generative organ abscission. Identified 28 DEGs common for all library comparisons are involved in cell wall functioning, protein metabolism, water homeostasis and stress response. Interestingly, among the common DEGs we also found an miR169 precursor, which is the first evidence of micro RNA engaged in abscission. A KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the identified DEGs were predominantly involved in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, but some other pathways were also targeted. This study represents the first comprehensive transcriptome-based characterization of organ abscission in L. luteus and provides a valuable data source not only for understanding the abscission signaling pathway in yellow lupine, but also for further research aimed at improving crop yields.

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Development of flower buds in the Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) from late autumn to early spring

Cited by 37 publications

References 26 publications

A New Insight into Flowering Regulation: Molecular Basis of Flowering Initiation in Magnolia × soulangeana ‘Changchun’

A New Insight into Flowering Regulation: Molecular Basis of Flowering Initiation in Magnolia × soulangeana ‘Changchun’

Determining the Relationship between Floral Initiation and Source–Sink Dynamics of Tomato Seedlings Affected by Changes in Shading and Nutrients

De novo Transcriptome Profiling of Flowers, Flower Pedicels and Pods of Lupinus luteus (Yellow Lupine) Reveals Complex Expression Changes during Organ Abscission

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