Development of frozen whale blubber and liver reference materials for the measurement of organic and inorganic contaminants

Wise, Stephen A.; Schantz, Michele M.; Koster, Barbara J.; Demiralp, R.; Mackey, Elizabeth A.; Greenberg, Ronald I.; Burow, M.; Ostapczuk, P.; Lillestolen, Ted I.

doi:10.1007/bf00322609

Cited by 42 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…7) [6][7][8]10,11,13,16,50]. Pilot whale TPCB, TDDT, and TCHLOR concentrations also matched those of presumed healthy arctic beluga and the SRM 1945, a composite of blubber from the same mid-Atlantic pilot whales [11,[50][51][52]. Blubber from en- dangered St. Lawrence beluga and mid-Atlantic bottlenose dolphin from the 1987-1988 mass mortality event had more than five times the Cape Cod pilot whales' TPCB and TDDT concentration.…”

Section: Comparison To Nw Atlantic Odontocetesmentioning

confidence: 83%

Bioaccumulation Patterns of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Chlorinated Pesticides in Northwest Atlantic Pilot Whales

Weisbrod

Shea

Moore

et al. 2000

Environ Toxicol Chem

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Abstract-Contaminant exposure is widespread among marine mammals but is of unknown significance. This study characterized organochlorine bioaccumulation in pilot whales, and these bioaccumulation patterns are proposed as representative of Northwest (NW) Atlantic cetacea. Samples were collected from whales stranded in Massachusetts and caught in nets. Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and chlorinated pesticide concentrations were determined via GC/ECD and found to be similar to those reported for other NW Atlantic odontocetes. The organochlorine in highest concentration was 4,4Ј-DDE, followed by trans-nonachlor, 4,4Ј-DDD, dieldrin, cis-chlordane,

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Section: Comparison To Nw Atlantic Odontocetesmentioning

confidence: 83%

Bioaccumulation Patterns of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Chlorinated Pesticides in Northwest Atlantic Pilot Whales

Weisbrod

Shea

Moore

et al. 2000

Environ Toxicol Chem

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show abstract

“…A method blank and a National Institute of Standards and Technology (Gaithersburg, MD, USA) Standard Reference Material (SRM 1945) blubber sample were analyzed with each sample set (comprised of 12 field samples), and results met laboratory criteria [40]. A method blank and a National Institute of Standards and Technology (Gaithersburg, MD, USA) Standard Reference Material (SRM 1945) blubber sample were analyzed with each sample set (comprised of 12 field samples), and results met laboratory criteria [40].…”

Section: Organochlorine and Lipid Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The HPLC/PDA system was calibrated daily to ensure that it was in optimum operating condition. A method blank and a National Institute of Standards and Technology (Gaithersburg, MD, USA) Standard Reference Material (SRM 1945) blubber sample were analyzed with each sample set (comprised of 12 field samples), and results met laboratory criteria [40]. Approximately 10% of the sea lion blubber samples were analyzed in duplicate to measure the precision of the method, and the laboratory quality-assurance criteria were met for all analytes detected in the blubber samples.…”

Section: Organochlorine and Lipid Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Transplacental transfer of organochlorines in california sea lions (Zalophus californianus)

Greig

Ylitalo

Hall

et al. 2007

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The transplacental transfer of organochlorines (OCs) in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) was investigated by analyzing blubber samples from 20 female sea lions and their fetuses during the last trimester of pregnancy. A rapid, high-performance liquid chromatographic, photodiode-array method was used to measure blubber concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), including dioxin-like congeners, as well as DDTs and hexachlorobenzene. Summed values of PCBs (sigmaPCBs), of DDTs (sigmaDDTs), and of PCB toxic equivalents (sigmaPCB TEQs) were calculated from these data. The ratios of mean blubber concentrations of fetal sigmaPCBs to maternal blubber concentrations of sigmaPCBs were 0.45 by wet weight and 0.97 by lipid weight, but these ratios varied widely among mother-fetus pairs. Mean ratios of fetal sigmaDDTs to maternal sigmaDDTs were 0.53 by wet weight and 1.12 by lipid weight. Fetuses were classified into two age groups, based on date of recovery, to examine differences in OC transfer because of gestational age. Fetal to maternal ratios for individual PCB congeners, DDT compounds, and sigmaPCBs, sigmaDDTs, and sigmaPCB TEQs were lower among premature compared with late-term fetuses. These ratios increased for both groups as the logarithmic n-octanol/water partition coefficient (log Kow) for each compound decreased. Linear predictions for sigmaPCB and sigmaDDT concentrations in fetal blubber could be obtained using the sigmaPCB and sigmaDDT concentrations in maternal blubber, maternal and fetal blubber lipid content, maternal mass, and maternal age. Fetal TEQ was explained by maternal TEQ and maternal age. The ability to predict contaminant concentrations in fetal blubber from maternal parameters is important for developing risk assessment models for marine mammals.

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“…7) [6–8, 10, 11, 13, 16, 50]. Pilot whale TPCB, TDDT, and TCHLOR concentrations also matched those of presumed healthy arctic beluga and the SRM 1945, a composite of blubber from the same mid‐Atlantic pilot whales [11, 50–52]. Blubber from endangered St. Lawrence beluga and mid‐Atlantic bottlenose dolphin from the 1987–1988 mass mortality event had more than five times the Cape Cod pilot whales' TPCB and TDDT concentration.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioaccumulation patterns of polychlorinated biphenyls and chlorinated pesticides in Northwest Atlantic pilot whales

Weisbrod

Shea

Moore

et al. 2000

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Contaminant exposure is widespread among marine mammals but is of unknown significance. This study characterized organochlorine bioaccumulation in pilot whales, and these bioaccumulation patterns are proposed as representative of Northwest (NW) Atlantic cetacea. Samples were collected from whales stranded in Massachusetts and caught in nets. Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and chlorinated pesticide concentrations were determined via GC/ECD and found to be similar to those reported for other NW Atlantic odontocetes. The organochlorine in highest concentration was 4,4′‐DDE, followed by trans‐nonachlor, 4,4′‐DDD, dieldrin, cis‐chlordane, Cl4(52), Cl5(95), Cl5(101), Cl5(118), Cl6(138), Cl6(149), Cl6(153), Cl7(180), and Cl7(187). The concentration of 19 pesticides was higher in blubber (21 ± 26 μg/g lipid “ppm”) than liver (5.0 ± 7.1 ppm). The concentration of 26 PCB congeners was also greater in blubber (7.6 ±7.1 ppm) than liver (0.4 ± 7.3 ppm). Principal component analysis and ANOVA indicated that blubber accumulated proportionately more of the most recalcitrant compounds, such as 4,4′‐DDE and nonmetabolizable PCBs, compared to liver. Whales that stranded together had more similar bioaccumulation than animals of the same gender or maturity. The high variation among individuals in tissue concentrations and the similarity within a stranding group suggest that pilot whale pods are exposed to a large range of pollutant sources, such as through different prey and feeding locations.

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Development of frozen whale blubber and liver reference materials for the measurement of organic and inorganic contaminants

Cited by 42 publications

References 13 publications

Bioaccumulation Patterns of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Chlorinated Pesticides in Northwest Atlantic Pilot Whales

Bioaccumulation Patterns of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Chlorinated Pesticides in Northwest Atlantic Pilot Whales

Transplacental transfer of organochlorines in california sea lions (Zalophus californianus)

Bioaccumulation patterns of polychlorinated biphenyls and chlorinated pesticides in Northwest Atlantic pilot whales

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