Development of Greener Multi-Responsive Chitosan Biomaterials Doped with Biocompatible Ammonium Ionic Liquids

Abstract

There is a current interest in the development of new stimuli-responsive materials using biodegradable and biocompatible molecules, mainly if biomedical applications are envisaged. In this work, chitosan (a cationic polyelectrolyte obtained from renewable resources) and two ammonium-based ionic liquids (ILs), namely, choline chloride ([Ch][Cl]) and choline dihydrogen phosphate ([Ch][DHP]), were used to develop biocompatible and biodegradable materials that can be used as improved electrical and pH-sensitive drug delivery systems. The influence of each IL and of residual acetic acid on the properties of chitosan-based films was evaluated. Results showed that the employed ILs can affect the water vapor sorption capacities, water vapor transmission rates, elastic moduli, and impedances/conductivities of chitosan films. Acidic pH conditions significantly enhanced the conductivity and the actuation capacity of the films, and this effect was more pronounced for films loaded with [Ch][DHP]. The potential use of these films as tunable and stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems was also studied for chitosan films loaded with [Ch][DHP] and sodium phosphate dexamethasone (DXA). The amount of DXA released from films doped with [Ch][DHP] was always lower than for films without IL, independent of the pH of the release medium. Therefore, choline-based ILs can be used as additives to tune drug release profiles of ionic drugs from chitosan-based materials. Furthermore, the simultaneous effect of ILs on the conductivities/impedances of films will allow the development of biocompatible and biodegradable drug delivery responsive systems for several biomedical/pharmaceutical applications such as iontophoretic devices.

Application of Chitosan in vitro to Minimize the Adverse Effects of Salinity in Petunia × atkinsiana D. don

“…Chitosan is a biopolymer that is completely safe for the environment. This compound is a derivative of chitin and is characterized by biodegradability, bioactivity, and biocompatibility properties [Dias et al, 2013]. The molecules consitute oligosaccharides and biopolymers found in the cell walls of some fungi [Lizárraga-Paulin et al, 2011].…”

Chitosan and ß-amino butyric acid up-regulates transcripts of resistance gene analog RGPM213 in pearl millet to infection by downy mildew pathogen

“…Chitosan has shown to have inhibitory effect on growth of many plant pathogens [28,29]. This compound has shown properties, such as bioactivity and biocompatibility [30]. The research out come from the literature have shown that, when used in plants, chitosan can increase the yield [31], reduce transpiration [32] and induce a range of metabolic changes as a result of which, plants become more resistant to viral, bacterial and fungal infections [33].…”

Dissolution and regeneration behavior of chitosan in 3-methyl-1-(ethylacetyl)imidazolium chloride

“…It is noted that they have similar curves. The absorption peak of the β- (1)(2)(3)(4) stretching is at about 895 cm -1 , and the dissymmetry stretching vibration of the C-O-C is at about 1029 cm -1 . The peak at about 2914 cm -1 can be regarded as the -CH and -CH 2 stretching, and that at about 1134 cm -1 and 1360 cm -1 are the stretching absorption and O-H twisting.…”

“…Chitosan, the deacetylated form of chitin, is composed of D-glucosamine units joined by β-(1-4) glucosidic bonds ( Figure 1) [1][2][3]. Due to its low toxicity, biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity, chitosan is widely applied in the fields of fertilizers, ion-exchange resins, membrane separation, pharmaceutics, cosmetics etc [4][5][6].…”