Development of hot and cool executive function during the transition to adolescence

Prencipe, Angela; Kesek, Amanda; Cohen, Julia E.; Lamm, Connie; Lewis, Marc D.; Zelazo, Philip David

doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2010.09.008

Cited by 373 publications

(361 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Surprisingly, hot decision-making performance did not improve across time in the TD group either. These results support previous findings that hot and cold EF seem to mature at different rates in TD children (Crone & van der Molen, 2004;Prencipe et al, 2011) as well as in children with ADHD (da Mata et al, 2011). Contrary to our expectations, there were no between-group differences on the hot decision-making task across time.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Development of Hot and Cold Executive Function in Boys and Girls With ADHD

et al. 2016

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Objective: Investigate the development of executive function with pronounced emotional salience (hot EF) and less pronounced emotional salience (cold EF) in boys and girls with ADHD relative to typical developing (TD) children. Method: Seventy-five children with ADHD, and 47 TD children were assessed with hot and cold EF tests at baseline and after two years. Results: Despite considerable maturation, the ADHD group remained impaired on all cold EF tests relative to TD children after two years. There was no effect of gender on cold EF test results. Females with ADHD outperformed TD counterparts on hot EF at baseline. Females with ADHD showed deteriorating hot EF performance, while TD counterparts showed improved hot EF performance across time. Conclusion: Enduring cold EF impairments after two years may reflect stable phenotypic traits in children with ADHD. Results indicate divergent developmental trajectories of hot EF in girls with ADHD relative to TD counterparts.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Development of Hot and Cold Executive Function in Boys and Girls With ADHD

et al. 2016

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“…These functions are used for motivationally or emotionally salient goal-directed behaviour (Prencipe et al, 2011;Zelazo & Carlson, 2012). Although this was beyond the scope of our meta-analysis, which focused on the three core executive functions, it would be very interesting for future studies to look at emotionally valent tasks as specifically trauma-exposed youth may suffer from chronic activation of the stress response in the brain and attention bias towards threatening stimuli (e.g.…”

Section: Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive functions in trauma-exposed youth: a meta-analysis

Kelder

Akker

Geurts

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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An earlier meta-analysis and review indicated that trauma exposure may be related to lower levels of executive functioning in youth. Since different developmental trajectories were found for three core executive functions, the present study focused on working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility specifically. We conducted a multi-level meta-analysis on 55 studies and 322 effect sizes published between 2001 and 2017 that were retrieved from MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO. The 8070 participants in selected studies were aged 2-25 years. We investigated whether the association between constructs would be moderated by trauma-specific moderators (onset, duration, and type), and study (age, gender, ethnicity, and socio-economic status) and measurement (quality) characteristics. We found small to medium effect sizes for working memory (d = −0.49), inhibition (d = −0.46), and cognitive flexibility (d = −0.44). Moderator analyses showed that, for working memory, when studies used low-quality measurements the effect size was significantly stronger than when studies used high-quality measurements.Compared to single trauma-exposed youth, violence-exposed/abused and foster care/adopted youth showed more problems in inhibition, and foster care/adopted youth showed more problems in cognitive flexibility. Our findings imply that trauma-exposed youth have lower levels of executive functions. Clinical practice should incorporate problems in executive functioning, especially working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility, in assessment and treatment guidelines.Funciones ejecutivas en jóvenes expuestos al trauma: un metanálisis Planteamiento: Un metanálisis y una revisión previos indicaron que la exposición al trauma podría estar relacionada con niveles más bajos de funcionamiento ejecutivo en los jóvenes. Objetivo: A medida que se encontraron diferentes trayectorias de desarrollo para tres funciones ejecutivas centrales, nos enfocamos específicamente en la memoria de trabajo, la inhibición y la flexibilidad cognitiva. Método: Realizamos un metanálisis multinivel con 55 estudios y 322 tamaños de efectos publicados entre 2001 y 2017, obtenidos de MEDLINE, Embase y PsycINFO. Los 8070 participantes en los estudios seleccionados tenían entre 2 y 25 años. Investigamos si la asociación entre los constructos sería moderada por los moderadores específicos del trauma (inicio, duración y tipo), y las características del estudio (edad, género, etnia, estatus socioeconómico) y características de medición (calidad). Resultados: Encontramos tamaños de efecto de pequeño a mediano para la memoria de trabajo (d = −0.49), la inhibición (d = −0.46) y la flexibilidad cognitiva (d = −0.44). Los análisis del moderador mostraron que, para la memoria de trabajo, cuando los estudios utilizaron mediciones de baja calidad, el tamaño del efecto fue significativamente más fuerte que cuando los estudios utilizaron mediciones de alta calidad. En comparación con los jóvenes expuestos a un solo trauma, los jóvenes expuestos a violencia /abus...

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“…Two more studies examined developmental performance changes on the IGT in comparison to traditional cool executive tasks Prencipe et al, 2011 ). Because these studies also included an additional hot task, delay discounting, their results may provide a better test of the relationship among cooler and warmer tasks.…”

Section: Do Developmental Trajectories and Correlational Patterns Supmentioning

confidence: 99%