Development of hypertension after long-term exposure to static magnetic fields among workers from a magnetic resonance imaging device manufacturing facility

Bongers, Suzan; Slottje, Pauline; Kromhout, Hans

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2018.03.008

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Several studies assessing the health risk for MRI workers have been published, showing different acute neurobehavioral effects and symptoms, but their long-term health significance is yet unknown. Chronic and long-term effects due to exposure to magnetic fields have been reported by only a few studies [9][10][11][12], but confirmation of these findings is still lacking. International organizations such as the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) [13,14] and the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) [15,16] have established limits for occupational exposures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields in magnetic resonance environment: an update on regulation, exposure assessment techniques, health risk evaluation, and surveillance

Hartwig

Virgili²,

Mattei³

et al. 2021

Med Biol Eng Comput

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is one of the most-used diagnostic imaging methods worldwide. There are ∼50,000 MRI scanners worldwide each of which involves a minimum of five workers from different disciplines who spend their working days around MRI scanners. This review analyses the state-of-art of literature about the several aspects of the occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) in MRI: regulations, literature studies on biological effects, and health surveillance are addressed here in detail, along with a summary of the main approaches for exposure assessment. The original research papers published from 2013 to 2021 in international peer-reviewed journals, in the English language, are analysed, together with documents published by legislative bodies. The key points for each topic are identified and described together with useful tips for precise safeguarding of MRI operators, in terms of exposure assessment, studies on biological effects, and health surveillance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields in magnetic resonance environment: an update on regulation, exposure assessment techniques, health risk evaluation, and surveillance

Hartwig

Virgili²,

Mattei³

et al. 2021

Med Biol Eng Comput

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“…However, the establishment of strong static magnetic fields (SMFs) in medicine and industry such as magnetic resonance imaging or high‐energy technologies promoted as well SMFs cardiovascular research. Epidemiological evidence suggests that acute exposures to SMFs up to 8 T evoked alternations in ECG, blood pressure, heart rate, and ectopic heart beats with increased likelihood of reversible arrhythmia (possibly leading to ventricular fibrillation) in susceptible individuals [Weikl et al, 1989; Chakeres et al, 2003; Franco et al, 2008; Bongers et al, 2018; Grant et al, 2020]. Experimental studies supported these observations and revealed that SMFs of different intensities significantly affect hemodynamics including blood pressure and heart rate [Beischer, 1969; Jehenson et al, 1988; Gmitrov et al, 1990; Gmitrov and Gmitrova, 1990; Lazetic and Pekaric‐Nadj, 1993; Gmitrov, 1996; Veliks et al, 2004; Gmitrov, 2014].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotid Baroreceptor Magnetic Activation and Beat‐to‐Beat Blood Pressure Variability, Implications to Treat Abrupt Blood Pressure Elevation in Labile Hypertension

Gmitrov

2022

Bioelectromagnetics

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Mounting evidence suggests enhanced blood pressure (BP) variability (BPV) independent role in cardiovascular (CV) damage. The goal was to estimate the effect of the carotid baroreceptor (CB) magnetic stimulation on sudden high BP elevation. Mean femoral arterial BP (MAP), heart rate (HR), baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), and ear lobe skin microcirculatory blood flow, by microphotoelectric plethysmography (MPPG), were simultaneously recorded in conscious rabbits sedated by pentobarbital intravenous (i.v.) infusion (5 mg/kg/h) after 40 min CB exposure to 350 mT static magnetic field (SMF), by Nd 2 -Fe 14 -B magnets (n = 14), or sham magnets exposure (n = 14). BRS was assessed from HR and MAP responses to abrupt hypotension induced by i.v. bolus injections of nitroprusside (Ni) and abrupt MAP elevation (MAP AE ) by i.v. bolus of phenylephrine (Ph). Beat-tobeat BPV was estimated by MAP standard deviation. SMF CB exposure significantly increased BRS Ni (74.5 ± 17.8%, P < 0.001) and microcirculation (23.8% ± 11.0%, P = 0.039); decreased MAP (−5.7 ± 1.7%, P < 0.014) and phenylephrine-induced MAP AE (−19.1%, P = 0.043). MAP AE positively correlated with resting MAP (r = 0.342, P = 0.0383) and MAP SD (r = 0.383, P = 0.0194), and inversely with BRS Ph (r = −0.47, P = 0.0156). SMF CB exposure enhanced the nitroprusside, which acts by releasing nitric oxide (NO), vasodilatory effect. This indicates arterial baroreflex to improve vessel sensitivity to NO, which is a new physiology with BP buffering effect. A positive correlation of MAP SD to phenylephrine BP ramps suggests a causal relationship and BPV prognostic significance to forecast abrupt BP elevation. Mechano/baroreceptor magnetosensing property proposed to be the basic physiology by which SMFs boost CV autonomic regulation with potential implementation in high CV risk labile arterial hypertensive disease. Bioelectromagnetics. 43:413-425, 2022.

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“…Results were included for analysis if they had more than 60 (77 %) valid measurements, with respect to the optimal 78 tests permanent, and not oriented. 12 In the present study we only address the possible influence of permanent oriented magnetic fields on human BP.…”

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confidence: 99%

Possible Effects of Oriented Magnetic Fields on Human Blood Pressure

Vogel¹,

Belmar²,

Stockins³

2022

International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences

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BackgroundHypertension guidelines indicate accurate diagnosis and appropriate therapy with drug treatment. 1 Medication to treat hypertension may have shortcomings, so it would be ideal to have alternative treatments to lower blood pressure (BP) without modifying the natural equilibrium of the body. One example is long-term heated water-based exercises which have a relatively persistence effect. 2 The possibility of achieving similar results by permanently applying external magnetic fields is very attractive.Early attempts applying magnetic fields to patients reported some positive results, [3][4][5][6] but the permanent magnets used in the past were large in size and weak in intensity. Nowadays, low-cost strong permanent magnets are commercially available. 7 In vitro measurements using human blood circulating inside glass tubes detected a decrease in viscosity when exposed to oriented magnetic fields: 8 this could lead to increased fluidity and possibly a decrease in BP.We do not consider other related aspects such as the elasticity of the arteries 9,10 or the effect of the magnetic field gradients on blood cell circulation. 11 Other studies trying to establish the influence of magnetic fields on workers operating magnetic resonance imaging equipment are beyond our line of investigation, since those magnetic fields are inhomogeneous, not

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Development of hypertension after long-term exposure to static magnetic fields among workers from a magnetic resonance imaging device manufacturing facility

Cited by 18 publications

References 30 publications

Occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields in magnetic resonance environment: an update on regulation, exposure assessment techniques, health risk evaluation, and surveillance

Occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields in magnetic resonance environment: an update on regulation, exposure assessment techniques, health risk evaluation, and surveillance

Carotid Baroreceptor Magnetic Activation and Beat‐to‐Beat Blood Pressure Variability, Implications to Treat Abrupt Blood Pressure Elevation in Labile Hypertension

Possible Effects of Oriented Magnetic Fields on Human Blood Pressure

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