Development of lignin carbon fibers: Evaluation of the carbonization process

Abstract

The use of lignin as a renewable resource for the production of less-expensive carbon fibers has in recent years attracted great interest. In order to develop the strength properties, the stabilization and carbonization processes have to be optimized. For this reason, the process parameters during carbonization have here been studied on stabilized lignin fibers in the temperature interval from 300 to 1300 8C. The effects of temperature, heating rate, and straining of fibers during carbonization on the strength properties of carbon fibers were investigated. The heating rate, in the range from 1 to 40 8C/min, was shown to have no effect on the property development of the fibers. During carbonization with no load applied to the fibers, a shrinkage of 20% was noted. Counteracting the shrinkage by imposing a load on the fibers during the carbonization resulted in fibers with a greater stiffness. The tensile strength was not, however, affected by this loading.

Lignin-Based High-Performance Fibers by Textile Spinning Techniques

“…By investigating the influence of molecular weight and fusible fractions on the spinnability of softwood lignin-based melt-spun fibers, it was shown that the weight-averaged molecular weight (M w ) should be less than 3,200 Da or the fusible fraction should be ~58.2% to achieve molten lignin for melt spinning [ 100 ]. In most cases of the melt-spun lignin fibers, lignin purification and fractionation, by ultrafiltration [ 96 ], pH-fractionation [ 104 ], and solvent extraction [ 70 , 97 , 105 ], are used to obtain lignin with high thermal mobility and improved performance. Essentially, purification and fractionation [ 106 , 107 , 108 ] can isolate a lower-molecular-weight part (and correspondingly a lower T g ) of lignin for better processability by melt spinning.…”

Pembuatan Prekursor Serat Karbon Dari Lignin Limbah Black Liquor

“…Kondisi tersebut membuat harga serat karbon menjadi mahal dan waktu pengiriman menjadi lama sehingga dapat mengganggu proses produksi industri pengguna serat karbon. Selain itu, harga serat karbon yang mahal juga sangat dipengaruhi oleh biaya produksinya [7]. Dari seluruh total biaya produksi dalam proses pembuatan serat karbon, biaya terbesar adalah untuk memproduksi atau membeli prekursor serat karbon.…”

Alternatives for Chemical and Biochemical Lignin Valorization: Hot Topics from a Bibliometric Analysis of the Research Published During the 2000–2016 Period

“…Although initially lignin-based carbon fibers did not achieve the mechanical properties of traditional carbon fibers, more recent advances in spinning techniques have improved their performance [465]. Electrospinning and melt-spinning are more advantageous fiber processing techniques, but the structure of the lignin, determined by the biomass nature and isolation process, has great influence over the fiber processing [466][467][468]. Under optimized conditions, the properties of the carbon fibers derived from lignin can be similar or even higher than the traditional ones, indicating their good potential for more sustainable engineering applications [469].…”