Development of micro- and millimotors

Lehr, H.; Ehrfeld, W.; Hagemann, B.; Kamper, K.-P.; Michel, Frank I.; Schulz, Ch.; Thürigen, C.

doi:10.3109/13645709709153317

Cited by 26 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…(For more examples of early version, see [79].) As an example of non-silicon components, a milligear system produced using the LIGA process for a DC brushless permanent magnet millimotor (diameter = 1.9 mm, length = 5.5 mm) with an integrated milligear box [62,63,81]) is also shown. The gears are made of metal (electroplated Ni-Fe) but can also be made from injected polymer materials (e.g., Polyoxymethylene or POM) using the LIGA process.…”

Section: Memsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanotribology and nanomechanics of MEMS/NEMS and BioMEMS/BioNEMS materials and devices

Bhushan

2007

Microelectronic Engineering

331

152

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Section: Memsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanotribology and nanomechanics of MEMS/NEMS and BioMEMS/BioNEMS materials and devices

Bhushan

2007

Microelectronic Engineering

331

152

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“…Traditionally, catheter movement inside the body is controlled passively 16. Although various active catheters driven by shape memory alloys,17–20 piezoelectric materials, microelectromechanical system‐based devices21, 22 and ionic polymer–metal composite actuators23–25 have been presented, no active catheters are in widespread use. Conducting polymer actuators have been shown to have attractive properties, which make them promising to be employed extensively in active catheter applications 4, 11.…”

Section: Conducting Polymer‐driven Catheters: Design and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical modeling of a conducting polymer‐driven catheter

Shoa

Madden

Munce

et al. 2010

Polymer International

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A time-dependent electrochemical and mechanical model of the bending of a conducting polymer actuator-driven structure is presented, and the predicted response is compared with experimental results. The model uses time constants obtained from a transmission line model to describe the electronic and ionic charge transport into the polymer actuator. It then relates the charge transport to the mechanical deflection of the actuator structure. The model is used to predict the time-dependent bending of an active catheter, which is ultimately intended for use in intravascular imaging. A commercial catheter is coated with polypyrrole and laser micromachined into electrodes, which are electrochemically activated, leading to bending of the catheter. The time-dependent bending is compared with the dynamic beam bending model, with measured physical properties including elastic moduli, strain to charge ratio, electronic conductivity, ionic conductivity and capacitance used in the model to successfully describe the dynamics. The results of this comparison are used to determine the primary factors limiting catheter bending speed, and to suggest an optimal polypyrrole geometry and electrochemical parameters in order to achieve faster response.

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“…Although various active catheters (e.g. shaped memory alloys and polymers (SMA, SMP) driven catheters [5][6][7][8][9][10][11], MEMS based devices [3][4] and hydraulically controlled catheters [2]) have been suggested, none of them are in wide spread use due to failure to satisfy the above requirements. Conducting polymer (CP) actuators are suitable candidate for designing active catheters, due to their biocompatibility, low cost, large strain (typically 2% or greater), low actuation voltage (<1 V) and ease of fabrication.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various active catheters driven by different methods have been suggested, however no active catheters are in wide spread use. Micromotors mounted catheters had been reported for ultrasonography [3,4] ,but they feature a relatively large size (diameter of 1.9 mm [4]) and expensive fabrication process. Shape memory alloy (SMA) and Shape Memory Polymers (SMP) actuators have been used for steerable endoscopes [5][6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conducting polymer actuator driven catheter: overview and applications

Shoa

Munce

Yang

et al. 2009

Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices (EAPAD) 2009

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In this paper conducting polymer based active catheters are presented. Design considerations along with the promise and challenges associated with conducting polymer driven devices are discussed. A conducting polymer driven intravascular catheter is described briefly and its design challenges such as structural rigidity and angle of bending are studied. Then a detailed description of a polypyrrole based active catheter that is ultimately intended for in-vivo imaging applications will be presented. The active catheter contains an optical fibre and is designed to scan the fibre in two dimensions at a speed of 30 Hz to provide real time imaging. The preliminary design was realized by fabricating polypyrrole actuators on a commercially available catheter and patterning the polymer using laser machining technique. The initial device was tested at lower speeds and an image was taken using optical coherence tomography (OCT). The primary challenge to achieving an effective polypyrrole driven catheter for real time imaging is to demonstrate high speed actuation with reasonable liftetime. According to our model, electrochemical characteristics of the conducting polymer such as electronic conductivity, ionic conductivity and electrochemical strain need to be improved to achieve the desired catheter scanning speed.

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Development of micro- and millimotors

Cited by 26 publications

References 2 publications

Nanotribology and nanomechanics of MEMS/NEMS and BioMEMS/BioNEMS materials and devices

Nanotribology and nanomechanics of MEMS/NEMS and BioMEMS/BioNEMS materials and devices

Analytical modeling of a conducting polymer‐driven catheter

Conducting polymer actuator driven catheter: overview and applications

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