Development of multifunctional nanocomposites with 3-D printing additive manufacturing and low graphene loading

Yamamoto, Brennan E.; Trimble, A Zachary; Minei, Brenden M.; Nejhad, Mehrdad N. Ghasemi

doi:10.1177/0892705718759390

Cited by 69 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The other key factors that need to be considered to avoid agglomeration and uneven dispersion are surface homogenization and the concentration of the incorporated NDs. The properties of PMMA [ 9 , 10 ], epoxy [ 14 , 31 ], and poly (vinyl alcohol) [ 32 ] were reportedly improved with less than 0.2 wt% ND incorporation. Therefore, in the present study, both the ND- and A-ND-incorporated nanocomposites were fabricated with a 0.1 wt% ND concentration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporating Aminated Nanodiamonds to Improve the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Resin-Based Biomedical Appliances

Mangal

Seo

et al. 2020

Nanomaterials

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The creation of clinically patient-specific 3D-printed biomedical appliances that can withstand the physical stresses of the complex biological environment is an important objective. To that end, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of aminated nanodiamonds (A-NDs) as nanofillers in biological-grade acrylate-based 3D-printed materials. Solution-based mixing was used to incorporate 0.1 wt% purified nanodiamond (NDs) and A-NDs into UV-polymerized poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The ND and A-ND nanocomposites showed significantly lower water contact angles (p < 0.001) and solubilities (p < 0.05) compared to those of the control. Both nanocomposites showed markedly improved mechanical properties, with the A-ND-containing nanocomposite showing a statistically significant increase in the flexural strength (p < 0.001), elastic modulus (p < 0.01), and impact strength (p < 0.001) compared to the control and ND-containing groups. The Vickers hardness and wear-resistance values of the A-ND-incorporated material were significantly higher (p < 0.001) than those of the control and were comparable to the values observed for the ND-containing group. In addition, trueness analysis was used to verify that 3D-printed orthodontic brackets prepared with the A-ND- and ND-nanocomposites exhibited no significant differences in accuracy. Hence, we conclude that the successful incorporation of 0.1 wt% A-ND in UV-polymerized PMMA resin significantly improves the mechanical properties of the resin for the additive manufacturing of precisive 3D-printed biomedical appliances.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporating Aminated Nanodiamonds to Improve the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Resin-Based Biomedical Appliances

Mangal

Seo

et al. 2020

Nanomaterials

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“…Although biocompatibility of graphene-reinforced PLA has been proven in previous studies, its potential application in load-bearing structures and the resultant performance under different loading conditions need to be evaluated [18,42]. Recently, a few studies have reported the successful development of graphene-based reinforced polymer composites for 3D printing [43,44,45]. However, in composites, the main challenge is to understand how to transfer the properties of graphene from the nanoscale to the macroscale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive Manufacturing of PLA-Based Composites Using Fused Filament Fabrication: Effect of Graphene Nanoplatelet Reinforcement on Mechanical Properties, Dimensional Accuracy and Texture

et al. 2019

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Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is a promising additive manufacturing (AM) technology due to its ability to build thermoplastics parts with advantages in the design and optimization of models with complex geometries, great design flexibility, recyclability and low material waste. This technique has been extensively used for the manufacturing of conceptual prototypes rather than functional components due to the limited mechanical properties of pure thermoplastics parts. In order to improve the mechanical performance of 3D printed parts based on polymeric materials, reinforcements including nanoparticles, short or continuous fibers and other additives have been adopted. The addition of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) to plastic and polymers is currently under investigation as a promising method to improve their working conditions due to the good mechanical, electrical and thermal performance exhibited by graphene. Although research shows particularly promising improvement in thermal and electrical conductivities of graphene-based nanocomposites, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of graphene nanoplatelet reinforcement on the mechanical properties, dimensional accuracy and surface texture of 3D printed polylactic acid (PLA) structures manufactured by a desktop 3D printer. The effect of build orientation was also analyzed. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images of failure samples were evaluated to determine the effects of process parameters on failure modes. It was observed that PLA-Graphene composite samples showed, in general terms, the best performance in terms of tensile and flexural stress, particularly in the case of upright orientation (about 1.5 and 1.7 times higher than PLA and PLA 3D850 samples, respectively). In addition, PLA-Graphene composite samples showed the highest interlaminar shear strength (about 1.2 times higher than PLA and PLA 3D850 samples). However, the addition of GNPs tended to reduce the impact strength of the PLA-Graphene composite samples (PLA and PLA 3D850 samples exhibited an impact strength about 1.2–1.3 times higher than PLA-Graphene composites). Furthermore, the addition of graphene nanoplatelets did not affect, in general terms, the dimensional accuracy of the PLA-Graphene composite specimens. In addition, PLA-Graphene composite samples showed, in overall terms, the best performance in terms of surface texture, particularly when parts were printed in flat and on-edge orientations. The promising results in the present study prove the feasibility of 3D printed PLA-graphene composites for potential use in different applications such as biomedical engineering.

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“…High strength and thermal resistant materials such as polyetherimide (PEI/ULTEM) [3] and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) find printability with high-temperature printers expand the applicability of FDM [3]. The properties of FDM print components can improve by composite filaments [4][5][6] in the form of polymer blends [7], polymer matrix composites, fibre reinforced composites and polymer-ceramic composites [8][9][10][11]. The introduction of more printable filaments has elaborated the application of FDM components in the field of automotive [12,13], aerospace [14,15], medical [16] and manufacturing [17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homogenisation of elastic properties in FDM components using microscale RVE numerical analysis

Anoop

Senthil

2019

J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng.

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Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is an additive manufacturing method having the potential to fabricate functional components. As the inherent nature of additive structures, the component stiffness depends on the build parameters such as layer height and raster orientation in addition to the filament material properties. Even on FDM prints with 100% infill density, voids are formed along the interface of rasters and contribute to the characteristics of the component. The primary role of the present work is to determine elastic characteristics such as Young's modulus, shear modulus and Poisson's ratio of FDM components and study the effect of build parameters. The void geometry identified from the cross-sectional morphology was used to create a microscale representative volume element (RVE) model capturing the characteristics of the FDM print. The elastic constants of the microscale model RVE were estimated by volume average method and homogenised over the entire structure. The study also investigated the influence of layer height on the elastic behaviour of FDM components in two different raster orientations of 0° and 0°/90°. Both the conditions exhibited directional characteristics and the elasticity constants approaches filament characteristics with decreases in the layer height. The modulus of elasticity was found maximum in the direction of raster orientation, whereas the elasticity modulus along vertical direction exhibited the lowest. The components with 0°-90° raster orientation exhibited transversely isotropic characteristics. Thus, the actual cross-sectional morphology-based microscale numerical analysis can effectively predict the directional attributes of FDM prints.

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Development of multifunctional nanocomposites with 3-D printing additive manufacturing and low graphene loading

Cited by 69 publications

References 30 publications

Incorporating Aminated Nanodiamonds to Improve the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Resin-Based Biomedical Appliances

Incorporating Aminated Nanodiamonds to Improve the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Resin-Based Biomedical Appliances

Additive Manufacturing of PLA-Based Composites Using Fused Filament Fabrication: Effect of Graphene Nanoplatelet Reinforcement on Mechanical Properties, Dimensional Accuracy and Texture

Homogenisation of elastic properties in FDM components using microscale RVE numerical analysis

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