“…The objective of our study is to isolate and quantify the stress concentrations associated with the bead shapes, for applications where post-processing operations are not desirable or are infeasible. In addition to affecting the strength of the material, the bead shapes also contribute to the variability in the material properties, as observed in many studies empirically (Ahn et al , 2002; Özen et al , 2021; Papon and Haque, 2020; Popescu et al , 2018) and also through numerical modeling (Alaimo et al , 2017; Anoop and Senthil, 2019; Garzon-Hernandez et al , 2020; Rodríguez et al , 2003; Xia et al , 2018). This is because stress concentration is dependent on bead geometry, which in turn is dependent on processing parameters (Comminal et al , 2018; Di Angelo et al , 2017; Serdeczny et al , 2019, 2018; Spinnie and Smith, 2016).…”